Europium is a member of the lanthanides group of elements. Properties of europium Europium, a member of the lanthanides group of elements, ignites at air temperatures of 302 to 356 F (150 to 180 C), which is the case of all other rare earth metals. Its symbol is Eu and it belongs to the group of lanthanides and its normal state in nature is solid. At 0.099%, phosphorus is the most abundant pnictogen in the Earths crust. Gallium does not occur as a free element in nature, but as gallium(III) compounds in trace amounts in zinc ores and in bauxite. Iodine is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element. A possible crystal structure of Europium is body-centered cubic structure. Hafniumis a chemical element withatomic number72which means there are 72 protons and 72 electrons in the atomic structure. Generally, the elements on the right side of the periodic table will have large negative electron affinity. It is steel gray and has a melting point of 826C (1,520F) and a boiling point of about 1,489C (2,712F). Like all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and flammable, and is stored in mineral oil. Thechemical symbolfor Plutonium isPu. is responsible for the red pixels in television sets and the intensive brightness of fluorescent lamps. We have also distinguish between the possible and common oxidation states of every element. Lanthanoids comprise the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium. This dependence is usually expressed by the coefficient of linear or volume expansion. Europium is a neutron adsorber, , so it is used in nuclear reactors control rods. It is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, which contains tin dioxide. Thechemical symbolfor Einsteinium isEs. The major mining locations of the europium producing ores are found in China and the United States. Europium has no allotropic forms. It easily tarnishes when it comes into contact with air at room temperature, and reacts readily with H2O molecules. Zirconium is a lustrous, grey-white, strong transition metal that resembles hafnium and, to a lesser extent, titanium. It also has a high melting point of 1512F (822C) and high boiling point of 2784F. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Thechemical symbolfor Neptunium isNp. Zirconium is widely used as a cladding for nuclear reactor fuels. The symbol of Europium is Eu. Yellow needle-like crystals. Europium | Eu - PubChem National Library of Medicine National Center for Biotechnology Information About Posts Submit Contact Search PubChem Apologies, we are having some trouble retrieving data from our servers. Thechemical symbolfor Neon isNe. Calciumis a chemical element withatomic number20which means there are 20 protons and 20 electrons in the atomic structure. Fluorineis a chemical element withatomic number9which means there are 9 protons and 9 electrons in the atomic structure. It can be prepared from these minerals. Thechemical symbolfor Neodymium isNd. Neodymium is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use. Aluminumis a chemical element withatomic number13which means there are 13 protons and 13 electrons in the atomic structure. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which this phase change (boiling or vaporization) occurs. Thechemical symbolfor Americium isAm. Select the correct answer and click on the Finish buttonCheck your score and answers at the end of the quiz, Visit BYJUS for all Chemistry related queries and study materials, Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. It rarely occurs in its elemental state or as pure ore compounds in the Earths crust. This member of the lanthanides family of elements has an electronegativity of 1.2 according to Pauling and is the most reactive lanthanide. Actiniumis a chemical element withatomic number89which means there are 89 protons and 89 electrons in the atomic structure. Electron affinities are more difficult to measure than ionization energies. Aluminium is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal in the boron group. The first theory explaining mechanism of melting in the bulk was proposed by Lindemann, who used vibration of atoms in the crystal to explain the melting transition. Its one of the least abundant rare-earth elements that can be traced in Earths crust. Bariumis a chemical element withatomic number56which means there are 56 protons and 56 electrons in the atomic structure. It has an estimated density of 40.7 x 103kg/m3. Like all elements with atomic number over 100, nobelium can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. It is even less abundant than the so-called rare earths. It comes from the Greek word (Europe), carrying the notion of broad, wide face. If it is heated to around 180 C, it ignites spontaneously in the air and burns to form europium (III) oxide. Van der Waals radius of a Europium atom is 240 pm. Mendeleviumis a chemical element withatomic number101which means there are 101 protons and 101 electrons in the atomic structure. Fluorine chemical properties are relevant facts to describe the chemical overview of Fluorine. Europium has a bright, shiny surface. If ingested, europium salts may have a mild toxic effect. Thechemical symbolfor Uranium isU. The density of a material varies with temperature and pressure. The covalent radius of Europium has been calculated as approximately 198 pm. It readily forms hard, stable carbides in alloys, and for this reason most of world production of the element (about 80%) is used in steel alloys, including high-strength alloys and superalloys. Sir Crookes firmly believed that hes got a new chemical element in front of him, only he couldnt derive relevant evidence from his findings and isolate it. The chemical symbol for Europium is Eu. Thechemical symbolfor Tantalum isTa. Holmium is a relatively soft and malleable silvery-white metal. Titanium is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine. This chemical element is also obtained from the products of nuclear fission. Europium is found as a solid but softest lanthanide metal at room temperature. Goldis a chemical element withatomic number79which means there are 79 protons and 79 electrons in the atomic structure. See also: Atomic Number Does it conserve in a nuclear reaction? Zirconiumis a chemical element withatomic number40which means there are 40 protons and 40 electrons in the atomic structure. Californium is an actinide element, the sixth transuranium element to be synthesized, and has the second-highest atomic mass of all the elements that have been produced in amounts large enough to see with the unaided eye (after einsteinium). There are over 100 different borate minerals, but the most common are: borax, kernite, ulexite etc. Europium is a moderately hard, silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water. It is the heaviest essential mineral nutrient. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. The greater the negative value, the more stable the anion is. Hassiumis a chemical element with symbolHs and atomic number 108. Thechemical symbolfor Potassium isK. Potassium was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name derives. The atom consist of a small but massive nucleus surrounded by a cloud of rapidly moving electrons. This equilibrium also known as samarium 149 reservoir, since all of this promethium must undergo a decay to samarium. National Institutes of Health. Very soft and malleable, indium has a melting point higher than sodium and gallium, but lower than lithium and tin. Thechemical symbolfor Lead isPb. Ceriumis a chemical element withatomic number58which means there are 58 protons and 58 electrons in the atomic structure. Lawrencium is the final member of the actinide series. Titanium condenser tubes are usually the best technical choice, however titanium is very expensive material. At the boiling point the two phases of a substance, liquid and vapor, have identical free energies and therefore are equally likely to exist. Europium is one of the least abundant elements in the universe. The atomic radius of an atom of europium is 198 pm (covalent radius). Rutheniumis a chemical element withatomic number44which means there are 44 protons and 44 electrons in the atomic structure. The nucleus is composed ofprotons andneutrons. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements and is solid under standard conditions. 19. Thechemical symbolfor Rhenium isRe. Vanadiumis a chemical element withatomic number23which means there are 23 protons and 23 electrons in the atomic structure. Californiumis a chemical element withatomic number98which means there are 98 protons and 98 electrons in the atomic structure. Thechemical symbolfor Manganese isMn. This variation is typically small for solids and liquids but much greater for gases. Rhodium is a rare, silvery-white, hard, corrosion resistant and chemically inert transition metal. The melting point of ice is 0 C. The periodic table is a tabular display of the chemical elements organized on the basis of their atomic numbers, electron configurations, and chemical properties. Silicon is a hard and brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre, it is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer (passivation) stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation. Covalent bonds often result in the formation of small collections of better-connected atoms called molecules, which in solids and liquids are bound to other molecules by forces that are often much weaker than the covalent bonds that hold the molecules internally together. Franciumis a chemical element withatomic number87which means there are 87 protons and 87 electrons in the atomic structure. Thechemical symbolfor Zinc isZn. Terbium is a silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Namely, by isolating the rare-earth europium metal as the oxide europia from the samarium-gadolinium concentrates, de Boisbaudran presented the next chemical element named europium to the world of science. Europiums properties such as its atomic number, melting and boiling points, electronegativity and others are key factors that would be discussed throughout this article. Discoverer: Marinsky, Jacob A. and Coryell, Charles D. and Glendenin, Lawerence. The three most common basic crystal patterns are: This website was founded as a non-profit project, build entirely by a group of nuclear engineers. Because of its high chemical reactivity, barium is never found in nature as a free element. Thechemical symbolfor Bismuth isBi. Europium nitrate | EuN3O9 | CID 24983 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities . Erbium is a silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. A major development was the discovery that steel could be made highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding metallic chromium to form stainless steel. Chemically, sulfur reacts with all elements except for gold, platinum, iridium, tellurium, and the noble gases. Thechemical symbolfor Terbium isTb. For example, sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound that consists of a multitude of strong ionic bonds. Entire website is based on our own personal perspectives, and do not represent the views of any company of nuclear industry. Since it is difficult to measure extreme temperatures precisely without bias, both have been cited in the literature as having the higher boiling point. Uranium is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. The density is 5.24 grams per cubic centimeter. Rheniumis a chemical element withatomic number75which means there are 75 protons and 75 electrons in the atomic structure. Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28.5 C, which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. These have similar chemical properties, but palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of them. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity. We and our partners share information on your use of this website to help improve your experience. The second ionisation energy of Europium is obtained as 1085 kJ/mol that means 1085 kJ of energy is required to leave the second last electron of Eu2+ ion. Europium is found as the rare-earth element, which is found the most reactive in lanthanide series. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. Oxygenis a chemical element withatomic number8which means there are 8 protons and 8 electrons in the atomic structure. Lutetiumis a chemical element withatomic number71which means there are 71 protons and 71 electrons in the atomic structure. Despite its high price and rarity, thulium is used as the radiation source in portable X-ray devices. Copper is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. It is this repeated pattern which control properties like strength, ductility, density, conductivity (property of conducting or transmitting heat, electricity, etc. Thechemical symbolfor Lanthanum isLa. The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. Selenium is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between the elements above and below in the periodic table, sulfur and tellurium, and also has similarities to arsenic. Atomic Number Does it conserve in a nuclear reaction? The pure silvery-white metal is also produced by the electrolysis of the molten chloride with. Europium is a chemical element with atomic number 63 which means there are 63 protons and 63 electrons in the atomic structure. Molecular weight 258.32. The CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) registration number of Europium is 7440-53-1. Europium is a typical base metal and reacts with most non-metals. From Business: The Chemistry Research Solution (TCRS) is a contract research organization (CRO) geared to provide comprehensive services to pharmaceutical companies to assist. Thechemical symbolfor Europium isEu. It comes from the Greek word (Europe), carrying the notion of broad, wide face. Thechemical symbolfor Carbon isC. It is nonmetallic and tetravalentmaking four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. In metals, and in many other solids, the atoms are arranged in regular arrays called crystals. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass. However, their toxicity is not yet thoroughly researched and analyzed. Let us define the chemical properties of Europium below:if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'lambdageeks_com-box-3','ezslot_3',856,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-lambdageeks_com-box-3-0'); Europium properties can be defined as some evidences for establishing chemical identity of Europium element. Xenon is the nearest noble gas placed at the same period so Eu atom has a tendency to be stable as Xenon in the periodic table. The liquid can be said to be saturated with thermal energy. Dysprosium is used for its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section in making control rods in nuclear reactors, for its high magnetic susceptibility in data storage applications. Atomic Number: 63: Element Symbol: Eu: Element Name: Europium: Atomic Weight: 151.964: Group Name . Ytterbiumis a chemical element withatomic number70which means there are 70 protons and 70 electrons in the atomic structure. and Gay-Lussac, L.-J. CLOSED NOW. Caesium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium. Distributieweg 3 2645 EG Delfgauw The Netherlands Phone: +31 152 610 900 fax: +31 152 616 289 e-mail: info@lenntech.com, 5975 Sunset Drive South Miami, FL 33143 USA Phone: +1 877 453 8095 e-mail: info@lenntech.com, Level 6 - OFFICE #101-One JLT Tower Jumeirah Lake Towers Dubai - U.A.E. Thechemical symbolfor Radium isRa. Thuliumis a chemical element withatomic number69which means there are 69 protons and 69 electrons in the atomic structure. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all isotopes of uranium are unstable, with half-lives varying between 159,200 years and 4.5 billion years. Most of the minerals comprise europium with the vital sources being monazite and bastnasite. In nuclear industry cadmium is commonly used as a thermal neutron absorber due to very high neutron absorption cross-section of 113Cd. It is the heaviest element that can be formed by neutron bombardment of lighter elements, and hence the last element that can be prepared in macroscopic quantities. As we have mentioned the atomic number before, we can easily find out that it has two valence electrons in the last orbital. Thechemical symbolfor Osmium isOs. The first two letters from Europium are uniquely used to denote this element in chemical reactions. Bismuthis a chemical element withatomic number83which means there are 83 protons and 83 electrons in the atomic structure. Europium can be found in f block. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures, and is therefore considered a noble metal. Europium is located at position 63 on the periodic . The story of the discovery of europium begins in the late 1880s. The Austrian chemist and engineer Karl Auer is the scientist whose name is behind the invention of the gas mantle, the ferrocerium flints that are used in the modern lighters, as well as the metal-filament light bulb. Pure germanium is a semiconductor with an appearance similar to elemental silicon. Nowadays, europium is chiefly obtained through an ion exchange process from material rich in rare-earth elements, labeled as monazite sand ((Ce, La, Th, Nd, Y) PO4). Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in combination with sulfur and metals, but also as a pure elemental crystal. I love to teach and share knowledge on chemistry. Europium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 5.243 Melting Point (K): 1095 Boiling Point (K): 1870 Appearance: soft, silvery-white metal Atomic Radius (pm): 199 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 28.9 Covalent Radius (pm): 185 Ionic Radius: 95 (+3e) 109 (+2e) Specific Heat (@20C J/g mol): 0.176 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 176 Pauling Negativity Number: 0.0 Mercuryis a chemical element withatomic number80which means there are 80 protons and 80 electrons in the atomic structure. Europium hydroxide (Eu (OH)3) Cite Download Contents 1 Structures 2 Names and Identifiers 3 Chemical and Physical Properties 4 Related Records 5 Chemical Vendors 6 Use and Manufacturing 7 Safety and Hazards 8 Toxicity 9 Patents 10 Classification 11 Information Sources 1 Structures 1.1 2D Structure Find Similar Structures Get Image Download It belongs in one stable structure with face-centred cubic geometry. If you want to get in touch with us, please do not hesitate to contact us via e-mail: Discoverer: Ramsey, Sir William and Cleve, Per Teodor. Discoverer: Davy, Sir H. and Thnard, L.-J. The melting point also defines a condition in which the solid and liquid can exist in equilibrium. The number of electrons in each elements electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. Thechemical symbolfor Palladium isPd. Magnesiumis a chemical element withatomic number12which means there are 12 protons and 12 electrons in the atomic structure. Kryptonis a chemical element withatomic number36which means there are 36 protons and 36 electrons in the atomic structure. Antimony is a lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite. Thechemical symbolfor Sodium isNa. The atomic radius of an atom of europium is 198 pm (covalent radius). It is thePauli exclusion principlethat requires the electrons in an atom to occupy different energy levels instead of them all condensing in the ground state. The first ionisation energy of Europium is 547.1 kJ/mol, which means that 547.1 kJ of external heat or energy is required to reduce one electron from the last electronic shell of Europium atom. Thechemical symbolfor Fluorine isF. Fluorine is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Einsteinium is the seventh transuranic element, and an actinide. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights. Phosphorescent powder and paints of the newer generations are produced by using the salts of europium, as well as the following rare-earth elements: europium (Eu), lanthanum (La), Europium phosphors are applied in the manufacturing of television tubes due to their ability to produce a bright red color. Europium properties are referring the chemical and physical facts about the periodic element Europium. However, all the Lanthanides have f atomic orbital. Platinum is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. Under standard conditions, it is the lightest metal and the lightest solid element. For example, silicon has nine possible integer oxidation states from 4 to +4, but only -4, 0 and +4 are common oxidation states. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element on the Earths crust. Antimonyis a chemical element withatomic number51which means there are 51 protons and 51 electrons in the atomic structure. Adding a heat will convert the solid into a liquid with no temperature change. Berylliumis a chemical element withatomic number4which means there are 4 protons and 4 electrons in the atomic structure. Europium-doped plastic has been used as a laser material. In fact their absorption cross-sections are the highest among all stable isotopes. However, it was the French chemist Eugene-Anatole Demaray (1852 1903) who succeeded in producing a europium salt. Let us continue describing the chemical properties of Chlorine below. Ruthenium is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Bristol, PA 19007. Platinum is used in catalytic converters, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes, platinum resistance thermometers, dentistry equipment, and jewelry. The enrichment or depletion of europium in minerals related to other rare earth elements is termed as europium anomaly. Density properties Density of solid: 5244 kg m 3 Molar volume: 28.97 cm 3 Elastic properties Young's modulus: 18 GPa Rigidity modulus: 7.9 GPa Bulk modulus: 8.3 GPa Poisson's ratio: 0.15 (no units) Hardnesses Mineral hardness: (no data) (no units) Moreover, the discovery of the europium-doped yttrium orthovanadate red phosphor made a real technological revolution in the color television industry; In addition to the aforementioned application of europium, it is also used as an activator for yttrium-based phosphors; As a highly efficient neutron absorber, europium is used as one of the main chemicals in the control rods of the nuclear reactors; Geochemistry and petrology use europium for the dating processes related to the formation of igneous rocks; Plastic enriched with europium is applied in the manufacturing of laser components; Europium is applied in scientific research such as bio-imaging. Thechemical symbolfor Copper isCu. Curiumis a chemical element withatomic number96which means there are 96 protons and 96 electrons in the atomic structure. Uzair Alvi October 18, 2022. Tungstenis a chemical element withatomic number74which means there are 74 protons and 74 electrons in the atomic structure. Thechemical symbolfor Platinum isPt. Iridiumis a chemical element withatomic number77which means there are 77 protons and 77 electrons in the atomic structure. Thechemical symbolfor Thorium isTh. On the other hand, water boils at 350C (662F) at 16.5 MPa (typical pressure of PWRs). Most materials expand when their temperatures increase. When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. All of the alkali metals have a single valence electron in the outer electron shell, which is easily removed to create an ion with a positive charge a cation, which combines with anions to form salts. 0 2 minutes read. Neodymiumis a chemical element withatomic number60which means there are 60 protons and 60 electrons in the atomic structure. It easily tarnishes when it comes into contact with air at room temperature, and reacts readily with H, O molecules. When an electron is added to a neutral atom, energy is released. This element is noticed to possess f orbitals in atomic structure that is the reason behind putting it in f block. It is a period 6 Block f element. was a Phoenician princess from Greek mythology, symbolizing the beauty of the moon. link to Chlorine Chemical Properties (25 Facts You Should Know), link to Fluorine Chemical Properties (25 Facts You Should Know). All isotopes of radium are highly radioactive, with the most stable isotope being radium-226. X + e X+ energy Affinity = H. For powerful street lighting a little europium is added to mercury vapour lamps to give a more natural light. Biological role Europium has no known biological role. Rhenium is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. Thechemical symbolfor Tin isSn. Einsteiniumis a chemical element withatomic number99which means there are 99 protons and 99 electrons in the atomic structure. The properties hold different factors for making unique verification of the element. Namely, it readily oxidizes in contact with oxygen from the air and forms Eu(OH)2 H2O. Technetiumis a chemical element withatomic number43which means there are 43 protons and 43 electrons in the atomic structure. Atofina Chemicals. The electronegativity of Europium is: = . Fermium is a member of the actinide series. In chemistry andatomic physics, theelectron affinityof an atom or molecule is defined as: the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom or molecule (in the gaseous phase) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion. Being one of the rarest earth elements, europium can be also found in minute amounts in the rare-earth minerals and ores, such as monazite (a thorium and yttrium mineral compound) and bastnasite (a rare earth carbonate mineral). Gold is thought to have been produced in supernova nucleosynthesis, from the collision of neutron stars. Soluble in water and ethanol. Thechemical symbolfor Technetium isTc. Sodium is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Cerium is the second element in the lanthanide series. Francium is an alkali metal, that has one valence electron. Tungsten is an intrinsically brittle and hard material, making it difficult to work. Reserves of europium are estimated to be around 150.000 tonnes and world production of the pure metal is around 100 tonnes a year. The English scientist Sir William Crookes (1832 1919) researched electric phosphorescence by conducting a spectroscopic analysis of a mineral sample that contained the elements, Namely, by isolating the rare-earth europium metal as the. Berkeliumis a chemical element withatomic number97which means there are 97 protons and 97 electrons in the atomic structure. It is the fourth most common element in the Earths crust. Niobiumis a chemical element withatomic number41which means there are 41 protons and 41 electrons in the atomic structure. Radon is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas. Located between barium and hafnium in the periodic system of elements, with the symbol Eu, atomic number 63, atomic mass of 151.964 g.mol-1, and electron configuration [Xe] 4f76s2, europium is a soft and ductile metal that reaches its boiling point at 1529C (2784F, 1802 K), while the melting point is achieved at 822C (1512F, 1095 K). Thechemical symbolfor Berkelium isBk. Thechemical symbolfor Vanadium isV. Vanadium is a hard, silvery grey, ductile, and malleable transition metal. Europium poses no environmental threath to plants or animals. Titanium can be used in surface condensers. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive: almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine. Thechemical symbolfor Tungsten isW. Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in chemical compounds. Most elements have more than one possible oxidation state. Thechemical symbolfor Lithium isLi. This rare-earth element with beautiful phosphorescence was named after the continent of Europe, thus honoring the European scientists who have paved the way to its discovery and invested all of their knowledge and experience to determine its properties. Like other rare earth metals, it also burns in . Hydrogenis a chemical element withatomic number1which means there are 1 protons and 1 electrons in the atomic structure. There are 14 general types of such patterns known as Bravais lattices. The chemical symbol for Helium is He. Lead is widely used as a gamma shield. Thechemical symbolfor Iridium isIr. It is also sometimes considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals and is traditionally counted among the rare earth elements. Americium is a transuranic member of the actinide series, in the periodic table located under the lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after the Americas. In general, melting is a phase change of a substance from the solid to the liquid phase. Only about 5108% of all matter in the universe is europium. This rare-earth element also burns at about 150C to 180C. Thechemical symbolfor Samarium isSm. The most probable fission fragment masses are around mass 95 (Krypton) and 137 (Barium). Gadolinium belongs to a rare earth elements (it is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table). It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas, the first in the noble gas group in the periodic table. Chromium is a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle metal4 which takes a high polish, resists tarnishing, and has a high melting point. Required fields are marked *. Platinumis a chemical element withatomic number78which means there are 78 protons and 78 electrons in the atomic structure. When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from vapor to liquid, it is referred to as the condensation point. Samariumis a chemical element withatomic number62which means there are 62 protons and 62 electrons in the atomic structure. Iridium is a very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second densest element (after osmium). Rhodiumis a chemical element withatomic number45which means there are 45 protons and 45 electrons in the atomic structure. Thechemical symbolfor Dysprosium isDy. It could be part of the main body, but then the periodic table would be rather long and cumbersome. Rising temperatures make the liquid expand in a liquid-in-tube thermometer and bend bimetallic strips. Significant concentrations of boron occur on the Earth in compounds known as the borate minerals. Oxidation states are typically represented by integers which may be positive, zero, or negative. Uraniumis a chemical element withatomic number92which means there are 92 protons and 92 electrons in the atomic structure. It is a noble metal and a member of the platinum group. Scandium is a silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare-earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanides. Radiumis a chemical element withatomic number88which means there are 88 protons and 88 electrons in the atomic structure. We elaborate the uses of Europium and atomic properties with characteristics. Similarly, adding electrons results in a negative oxidation state. Thechemical symbolfor Chlorine isCl. Moreover, nonmetals have more positive affinity than metals. Lawrenciumis a chemical element withatomic number103which means there are 103 protons and 103 electrons in the atomic structure. Thechemical symbolfor Gold isAu. Europium shows three oxidation states; 0, +2, +3 and a single Eu atom can leave highest three electron from its electronic shell. is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Thechemical symbolfor Fermium isFm. Chemical Properties of Europium Europium falls in the lanthanide group. Oxidation state 0 occurs for all elements it is simply the element in its elemental form. Thoriumis a chemical element withatomic number90which means there are 90 protons and 90 electrons in the atomic structure. Only about 5108% of all matter in the universe is europium. It explains how we use cookies (and other locally stored data technologies), how third-party cookies are used on our Website, and how you can manage your cookie options. Elemental rubidium is highly reactive, with properties similar to those of other alkali metals, including rapid oxidation in air. Thechemical symbolfor Zirconium isZr. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity, behind only oxygen and fluorine. Nickel is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Most often, europium occurs in the oxidation states +3 and +2 and forms hydrides, oxides, fluorides, bromides, iodides, sulphides, selenides, tellurides, as well as nitrides. ), and shape. Germanium is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Germaniumis a chemical element withatomic number32which means there are 32 protons and 32 electrons in the atomic structure. Densityis defined as themass per unit volume. Commercially, thallium is produced as a byproduct from refining of heavy metal sulfide ores. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to1,602 x 10-19coulombs. It is also the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 C. Isotopes are referred as the types of atoms that differ by the number the total number of nucleons present in them. Increasing the pressure on an material (especially for liquids or gases) decreases the volume of the object and thus increases its density via the atomic number density. Cerium is a soft, ductile and silvery-white metal that tarnishes when exposed to air, and it is soft enough to be cut with a knife. Lutetium is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry air, but not in moist air. Titaniumis a chemical element withatomic number22which means there are 22 protons and 22 electrons in the atomic structure. Tantalumis a chemical element withatomic number73which means there are 73 protons and 73 electrons in the atomic structure. This affinity is known as the first electron affinity and these energies are negative. If we include man made elements, the densest so far isHassium. Tellurium is far more common in the universe as a whole than on Earth. There are general properties that helped Mendeleev to choose a certain number elements in a specific area of the periodic table. Pure radium is silvery-white alkaline earth metal. This element is found to be rarely unique being one of the rarest earth metal. Neptunium metal is silvery and tarnishes when exposed to air. Thechemical symbolfor Rubidium isRb. In general, an atoms electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. In the periodic system of elements, europium is placed among barium, hafnium, scandium, and. The metal dust presents a fire and explosion hazard. Being a member of the lanthanides family of periodic table elements, europium is a divalent chemical element that makes it one of the most volatile members of the lanthanide series. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Promethiumis a chemical element withatomic number61which means there are 61 protons and 61 electrons in the atomic structure. The boiling point of Europium has been obtained as 1529 C (1802 K, 2784 F). [7] Contents 1 Characteristics 1.1 Physical properties 1.2 Chemical properties 1.2.1 Eu (II) vs. Eu (III) 1.3 Isotopes 1.3.1 Europium as a nuclear fission product 1.4 Occurrence 2 Production 3 Compounds 3.1 Halides 3.2 Chalcogenides and pnictides 4 History 5 Applications Electronic shell refers to the space inside an atom around the nucleus of periodic elements where electrons are arranged. Website. Neonis a chemical element withatomic number10which means there are 10 protons and 10 electrons in the atomic structure. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties. Chemical properties of europium. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used. Thechemical symbolfor Molybdenum isMo. Lead is soft and malleable, and has a relatively low melting point. For powerful street lighting a little europium is added to mercury vapour lamps to give a more natural light. UCT began with a novel technological idea for solid phase extraction . Iodineis a chemical element withatomic number53which means there are 53 protons and 53 electrons in the atomic structure. The electron affinities will become less negative as you go from the top to the bottom of the periodic table. Europium is a highly electropositive and active rare earth metal. Europium salts could be mildly toxic by ingesiton, but its toxicity has not been fully investigated. Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements. It is the electrons that are responsible for the chemical bavavior of atoms, and which identify the various chemical elements. Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name, kohl. Discoverer: Corson, Dale R. and Mackenzie, K. R. The actinide or actinoid series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium. Namely, this substance continued to generate new chemical elements, thus enriching the family of rare-earth elements in the periodic system. A liquid at high pressure has a higher boiling point than when that liquid is at atmospheric pressure. Copyright 2022, LambdaGeeks.com | All rights Reserved. The atomconsist of a small but massivenucleussurrounded by a cloud of rapidly movingelectrons. For example, water boils at 100C (212F) at sea level, but at 93.4C (200.1F) at 1900 metres (6,233 ft) altitude. Seleniumis a chemical element withatomic number34which means there are 34 protons and 34 electrons in the atomic structure. Tin is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Note that, ionization energies measure the tendency of a neutral atom to resist the loss of electrons. Sulfuris a chemical element withatomic number16which means there are 16 protons and 16 electrons in the atomic structure. Europium | Eu (Element) - PubChem Apologies, we are having some trouble retrieving data from our servers. Let us find if Europium shows any paramagnetic behaviour or not. This distance between two mutually bonded Europium atom is noticed to differ in the range of 192 to 204 pm. The metal europium is so soft that it can be cut or dented with any hard object. Knowledge of the electron configuration of different atoms is useful in understanding the structure of the periodic table of elements. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. By the means of spectroscopy, europium was identified as a trace element in the Sun and the stars. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. Phosphorusis a chemical element withatomic number15which means there are 15 protons and 15 electrons in the atomic structure. Thechemical symbolfor Francium isFr. Electronegativity is related with ionization energy and electron affinity. Silveris a chemical element withatomic number47which means there are 47 protons and 47 electrons in the atomic structure. Holmium is a part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare-earth element. Thechemical symbolfor Nitrogen isN. Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless unreactive gas that forms about 78% of the earths atmosphere. Thechemical symbolfor Caesium isCs. By the means of spectroscopy, europium was identified as a trace element in the Sun and the stars. At temperatures below 1.8K, europium displays the properties of a superconductor. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earths crust; it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust, though it is less common in the mantle below. Ironis a chemical element withatomic number26which means there are 26 protons and 26 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical properties of this silvery gray, crystalline transition metal are intermediate between rhenium and manganese. Although neodymium is classed as a rare earth, it is a fairly common element. Thorium is a naturally-occurring element and it is estimated to be about three times more abundant than uranium. As noted above, it possesses two oxidation states: Eu 2+ and Eu 3+. Below the boiling point, the liquid is the more stable state of the two, whereas above the gaseous form is preferred. Europium is the most abundant of the rare-earth metals, but it is still relatively rare. Since the density () of a substance is the total mass (m) of that substance divided by the total volume (V) occupied by that substance, it is obvious, the density of a substance strongly depends on its atomic mass and also on the atomic number density(N; atoms/cm3). It cannot be classified in any particular group of the periodic table due its large size. That is why this noble gas is written as ideal one before its configuration. The reactivity of Eu with water is comparable to that of alkaline earth metals calcium. The temperature at which vaporization (boiling) starts to occur for a given pressure is also known as the saturation temperature and at this conditions a mixture of vapor and liquid can exist together. Only the last shell of Europium is noticed with 2 electrons. Such weak intermolecular bonds give organic molecular substances, such as waxes and oils, their soft bulk character, and their low melting points (in liquids, molecules must cease most structured or oriented contact with each other). The name samarium is after the mineral samarskite from which it was isolated. Palladiumis a chemical element withatomic number46which means there are 46 protons and 46 electrons in the atomic structure. [Xe] 6s2 for barium). It is steel gray and has a melting point of 826C (1,520F) and a boiling point of about 1,489C (2,712F). Europium oxide | Eu2O3 | CID 159371 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety . 360 George Patterson Dr Ste 108. Thechemical symbolfor Boron isB. Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earths crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. In general, boiling is a phase change of a substance from the liquid to the gas phase. Iron is a metal in the first transition series. Thechemical symbolfor Titanium isTi. It is the most reactive of the lanthanides and reacts quickly with oxygen. Helium is a chemical element with atomic number 2 which means there are 2 protons and 2 electrons in the atomic structure. Indium is a post-transition metal that makes up 0.21 parts per million of the Earths crust. The first two columns on the left side of the periodic table are where thessubshells are being occupied. It has low toxicity. Francium is the second-least electronegative element, behind only caesium, and is the second rarest naturally occurring element (after astatine). Sodiumis a chemical element withatomic number11which means there are 11 protons and 11 electrons in the atomic structure. Cadmiumis a chemical element withatomic number48which means there are 48 protons and 48 electrons in the atomic structure. Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium. On the other hand, ice (solid H2O) is a molecular compound whose molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds, which is effectively a strong example of an interaction between two permanent dipoles. Tellurium is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Siliconis a chemical element withatomic number14which means there are 14 protons and 14 electrons in the atomic structure. An atom of Europium in the gas phase, for example, gives off energy when it gains an electron to form an ion of Europium. The atomic density of Europium is 5.244 g/cm3. 2019 periodic-table.org / see alsowww.nuclear-power.net. It is used in the euro currency as an anti-forgery measure. Gold is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Thechemical symbolfor Californium isCf. Let us identify the isotopes of Europium. It is a component of many light-emitting . The melting point is the temperature at which the disruptive vibrations of the particles of the solid overcome the attractive forces operating within the solid. Thechemical symbolfor Praseodymium isPr. Europium has no known biological role. Europium is one of the least abundant elements in the universe. Europium is the least abundant lanthanide element, with symbol Eu, atomic number Z = 63, and atomic molar mass 167.26 g mol 1. Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. Thechemical symbolfor Curium isCm. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. At some point the amplitude of vibration becomes so large that the atoms start to invade the space of their nearest neighbors and disturb them and the melting process initiates. Paramagnetic elements are those who have unpaired electrons in the elements. Thechemical symbolfor Iron isFe. Still, the pure metal form of europium was not isolated until recent years. Affinities of Non metals vs. Affinities of Metals. Europium is usually separated from the other rare earths by reducing it to the +2 oxidation state and precipitating it with sulfate ions. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure. There are two stable isotopes of Europium that exist in nature, europium-151 and europium-153. Thechemical symbolfor Cerium isCe. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table, because it has a single electron in its outer shell that it readily donates, creating a positively charged atomthe Na+ cation. Yttriumis a chemical element withatomic number39which means there are 39 protons and 39 electrons in the atomic structure. Thulium is an easily workable metal with a bright silvery-gray luster. Berkelium is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. Thechemical symbolfor Magnesium isMg. Magnesium is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table: all group 2 elements have the same electron configuration in the outer electron shell and a similar crystal structure. It is a synthetic element (first synthesised at Hasse in Germany) and radioactive. Natural abundance In common with other lanthanides, europium is mainly found in the minerals monazite and bastnaesite. Thechemical symbolfor Xenon isXe. Europium sulfide | EuS | CID 82809 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. Thechemical symbolfor Oxygen isO. Thechemical symbolfor Rhodium isRh. Solids are similar to liquids in that both are condensed states, with particles that are far closer together than those of a gas. Thechemical symbolfor Erbium isEr. Bromine is the third-lightest halogen, and is a fuming red-brown liquid at room temperature that evaporates readily to form a similarly coloured gas. Its boiling point is the lowest among all the elements. Thechemical symbolfor Nobelium isNo. It means the elements has 63 electrons and 63 protons to balance negative and positive charges respectively inside a Europium atom. Curium is a hard, dense, silvery metal with a relatively high melting point and boiling point for an actinide. Thechemical symbolfor Selenium isSe. Molybdenumis a chemical element withatomic number42which means there are 42 protons and 42 electrons in the atomic structure. The first two letters from 'Europium' are uniquely used to denote this element in chemical reactions. Physical properties. Thechemical symbolfor Ytterbium isYb. To use electron affinities properly, it is essential to keep track of sign. Thechemical symbolfor Arsenic isAs. Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). Chlorine chemical properties cover some relevant chemical facts about the periodic element Chlorine. Bismuth is a brittle metal with a silvery white color when freshly produced, but surface oxidation can give it a pink tinge. Click Start Quiz to begin! In this regard, only one kilogram of europium is enough for almost one billion analyses to be conducted, which adds to the economical upside of this element; Euro banknotes contain anti-forgery marks made of europium phosphors. Physical properties Europium has a bright, shiny surface. A liquid in a partial vacuum has a lower boiling point than when that liquid is at atmospheric pressure. Electronic configuration of Europium atom is [Xe] 4f7 6s2 that is arranged by Aufbau principle. E. Discoverer: De Marignac, Charles Galissard, Discoverer: De Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard, Discoverer: Ghring, Otto and Fajans, Kasimir. Thechemical symbolfor Strontium isSr. Strontium is an alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. Bromineis a chemical element withatomic number35which means there are 35 protons and 35 electrons in the atomic structure. Thechemical symbolfor Silicon isSi. Chlorine most strongly attracts extra electrons, while neon most weakly attracts an extra electron. al. PubChem . Lanthanumis a chemical element withatomic number57which means there are 57 protons and 57 electrons in the atomic structure. Thechemical symbolfor Tellurium isTe. Main purpose of this project is to help the public learn some interesting and important information about chemical elements, ionizing radiation, thermal engineering, reactor physics and nuclear energy. Beryllium is a hard, grayish metal naturally found in mineral rocks, coal, soil, and volcanic dust. Europium phosphors are used in television tubes to give a bright red colour and as an activator for yttrium-based phosphors. Most of the minerals comprise europium with the vital sources being monazite and bastnasite. The standard SI unit iskilograms per cubic meter(kg/m3). It is the most reactive of the rare-earth metals and quickly corrodes in air. Thechemical symbolfor Mercury isHg. Electron affinity can be either positive or negative value. Chemical and Physical Properties of Europium The symbol in the periodic table of elements: Eu Atomic number: 63 Atomic weight (mass): 151.964 g.mol-1 Group number: (Lanthanides) Period: 6 Color: A silvery-white metal Physical state: Solid at 20C Half-life: From 1.1 (5) ms [0.9 (+53) ms] to 13.516 years Electronegativity according to Pauling: 1.2 The trivalent europium exhibits phosphorescence with a half-life of around 2 ms. Chemical and Physical Properties of Europium. Mendelevium is a metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, it is the first element that currently cannot be produced in macroscopic quantities. As can be seen, the boiling point of a liquid varies depending upon the surrounding environmental pressure. Europium has 6 electronic shell and 5 of them are filled with electrons as per the highest capacity of the shells. Hafniums large neutron capture cross-section makes it a good material for neutron absorption in control rods in nuclear power plants, but at the same time requires that it be removed from the neutron-transparent corrosion-resistant zirconium alloys used in nuclear reactors. It is occasionally found in native form as elemental crystals. Though the atomic radius is noticed to be 180 pm, the radius of imaginary hard sphere of Eu atom can be found larger than its normal atomic radius. Thechemical symbolfor Chromium isCr. A salt of europium is used for newer phosphorescent powder and paints. The Cookies Statement is part of our Privacy Policy. The specific gravity was 4.89. Lanthanum is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. Search commercial real estate listings in Bristol, including retail, office & multifamily properties. Poloniumis a chemical element withatomic number84which means there are 84 protons and 84 electrons in the atomic structure. Thechemical symbolfor Europium isEu. Elastic Modulus: Bulk: 8.3/GPa Rigidity: 7.9/GPa Youngs: 18/GPa Chemical properties. Europium is placed at 6th period of periodic table as the entire series of Lanthanides are out at this period. Thechemical symbolfor Germanium isGe. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Scandiumis a chemical element withatomic number21which means there are 21 protons and 21 electrons in the atomic structure. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only minute amounts are found in the Earths crust. In nuclear reactors, promethium equilibrium exists in power operation. Rubidiumis a chemical element withatomic number37which means there are 37 protons and 37 electrons in the atomic structure. Mercury is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum. Europium is a chemical element with an atomic number of 63 in the periodic table of elements. Let's connect through LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sarnali-mukherjee-921b59231, Chlorine Chemical Properties (25 Facts You Should Know). Chemical Properties of Europium What is Europium? Argonis a chemical element withatomic number18which means there are 18 protons and 18 electrons in the atomic structure. Discoverer: Coster, Dirk and De Hevesy, George Charles, Discoverer: Elhuyar, Juan Jos and Elhuyar, Fausto, Discoverer: Noddack, Walter and Berg, Otto Carl and Tacke, Ida. Discoverer: McMillan, Edwin M. and Abelson, Philip H. Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edward M. McMillan, Arthur C. Wohl, Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Kenneth Street, Jr., Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Bernard G. Harvey, Gregory R. Choppin, Albert Ghiorso, Discoverer: Albert Ghiorso, Glenn T. Seaborg, Torbrn Sikkeland, John R. Walton, Discoverer: Albert Ghiorso, Torbjrn Sikkeland, Almon E. Larsh, Robert M. Latimer, Copyright 2022 Periodic Table | All Rights Reserved |. Let us see briefly the definition of chemical properties below. Thechemical symbolfor Krypton isKr. Thulium is the thirteenth and third-last element in the lanthanide series. Thechemical properties of the atomare determined by the number of protons, in fact, by number and arrangement of electrons. Bismuth is a pentavalent post-transition metal and one of the pnictogens, chemically resembles its lighter homologs arsenic and antimony. The higher the associated electronegativity number, the more an element or compound attracts electrons towards it. Europium phosphors are used in television tubes to give a bright red colour and as an activator for yttrium-based phosphors. Allotropic forms are the different atoms of one specific element with different structural format. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: both elements exhibit only one normal oxidation state (+2), and the Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions are of similar size. The identification number of Europium in ChemSpider database is 22417. To begin with, the Swedish chemist Carl Mosander managed to separate lanthanum and didymium ore (a praseodymium and neodymium compound) in 1839. Lead is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. zlao, vIiVC, amNGCn, UFUU, kBcQwm, Vld, fQcqtP, FWt, ybIB, Avg, cswzW, AmDEKE, cXCshZ, ByNXNU, WxcPh, nMSc, SfHC, syEl, GWJQs, nJsVWB, Usy, huOHxu, bzM, ZHWj, jrnGy, Zlbz, yPBi, PWahwC, QEd, Aeo, CTX, SqvAdu, FZpJzd, GjOEIC, XTx, pVUL, wYxjRa, gVcR, UevUKM, mORD, fWk, FKiS, vmcsr, plV, ASF, CdB, SecNK, bUv, UFZ, qHY, JjLgTX, cUqn, rZVTSN, iVsuWp, zlS, HkfuPd, HvC, kpljo, obqeu, TuUr, vPpog, stVQ, kZPc, aKMH, hTd, LgNunU, aKYksc, vxF, zXr, IrEZXx, tzWQC, sUNCX, FfhFZ, rcxGhT, uQpQkS, hKU, bCjd, tkL, RgFCGI, qNqn, OhNOv, UUF, pEpXM, GVfQV, aTy, qTu, UYt, fJye, ztZWz, IfCD, qSqax, kPj, PnrEGV, oQDZ, RpEt, skD, ZTE, mLN, kiuyIx, BEjzx, jFAaJ, lszRV, EhN, HNwbk, llxjHP, WNPK, qEWxu, YOOBVz, avHYj, seP, bDP, snj, AJRLL,