[57] Both sides also committed to ending the balloon campaigns. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in the North on 9 September 1948. [301][302] Although its constitution guarantees freedom of religion in Article 68, the principle is limited by the requirement that religion may not be used as a pretext to harm the state, introduce foreign forces, or harm the existing social order. [53], In 1992, as Kim Il-sung's health began deteriorating, Kim Jong-il slowly began taking over various state tasks. It is the first variation of the original product in 42 years since the company launched the Choco Pie with marshmallow cream in 1974. 216, 225, "GDP Composition by sectory field listing", "Filling Gaps in the Human Development Index", "North Korean Economy Records Positive Growth for Two Consecutive Years", "Report: North Korea economy developing dramatically despite sanctions", "Pyongyang glitters but most of North Korea still dark", Jangmadang Will Prevent "Second Food Crisis" from Developing, Kim Jong Eun's Long-lasting Pain in the Neck, "Labor Force by occupation field listing", In limited N.Korean market, furor for S.Korean products, North Korea's Exploration for Oil and Gas, "North Korea welcomes increase in tourism", "Skiing in North Korea: Mounting Problems", "North Korea's Trade and the KOTRA Report", "North Korea's crusade for more special economic zones", "North Korea Plans To Expand Special Economic Zones", "Cumulative output of Kaesong park reaches US$2.3 bln", "India is North Korea's second biggest trading partner after China", "Russia, North Korea Agree to Settle Payments in Rubles in Trade Pact", "North Korean Foreign Trade Volume Posts Record High of USD 7.3 Billion in 2013", "South Korea has lost the North to China". In 2018, beginning with North Korea's participation in the 2018 Winter Olympics, the relationship has seen a major diplomatic breakthrough and become significantly warmer. There are several buildings on both the north and the south side of the Military Demarcation Line (MDL), and there have been some built on top of it. Seouls military said there was no evidence that the defector was a spy, noting that he worked as a cleaner and was probably struggling to make ends meet, The Wall Street Journal reported. All of the Korean Peninsula's mountains with elevations of 2,000 meters (6,600ft) or more are located in North Korea. In April 2018, the two countries signed the Panmunjom Declaration for Peace, Prosperity and Unification of the Korean Peninsula. There were no casualties in the South, but some local residents evacuated. In 1959, relations with Japan had improved somewhat, and North Korea began allowing the repatriation of Japanese citizens in the country. [3], In North Korea, some dishes vary in flavor compared to South Korean versions, with some North Korean dishes being less spicy and more varied in composition compared to South Korean preparations. [150] A week prior to these actions, Kim Yo-Jong had called North Korean defectors "human scum" and "mongrel dogs". [231][232][233] In a 2014 report to the UN, North Korea dismissed accusations of atrocities as "wild rumors". Construction was designed to enlarge and modernize the structures. [277] Late marriages after military service, limited housing space and long hours of work or political studies further exhaust the population and reduce growth. It flies a 270kg (595lb) flag of North Korea. [19] Some North Koreans brew and distill alcoholic beverages at home, despite such home alcohol production being forbidden in North Korea, and some sell these beverages to markets, although this is also illegal. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}381944N 1271500E / 38.329N 127.250E / 38.329; 127.250. [106] On 1 April, South Korean K-pop stars performed a concert in Pyongyang entitled "Spring is Coming", which was attended by Kim Jong-un and his wife. October 19, 2014: A group of North Korean soldiers approach the South Korean border and South Korean soldiers fire warning shots. His birthday is one of the most important public holidays in the country. [105] The delegation passed on an invitation to President Moon to visit North Korea. [48], Both North and South Korea have held balloon propaganda leaflet campaigns since the Korean War. You value, obviously, freedom and independence and liberty. [74] On 24 March 2022, North Korea conducted a successful ICBM test launch for the first time since the 2017 crisis. The Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea) is an authoritarian state led by the Kim family since 1949. An adequate nationwide fiber-optic telephone system with 1.18 million fixed lines[393] and expanding mobile coverage is in place. The two countries also organized a reunion of 92 separated families. In 1977 North Korea claimed an Exclusive Economic Zone over a large area south of the disputed western maritime border, the Northern Limit Line in the Yellow Sea. How Many Children Will Suffer? Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}40N 127E / 40N 127E / 40; 127. [118], On 22 November 2018, North and South Korea completed construction to connect a three-kilometer (1.9mi) road along the DMZ, 90km (56mi) northeast of Seoul. ", Hayes, Peter, and Roger Cavazos. [60], US President George W Bush, however, did not support the Sunshine Policy and in 2002 branded North Korea as a member of an Axis of Evil. In recent years Chinese fishing vessels have taken advantage of the tense situation in the Han River Estuary Neutral Zone and illegally fished in this area due to both North Korean and South Korean navies never patrolling this area due to the fear of naval battles breaking out. November 1, 2004: North Korean vessels, claiming to be in pursuit of. Send an email to Virginia. [326] A significant contribution to the food supply comes from commercial fishing and aquaculture. [8], In 2017, Orion launched its premium choco pie brand "Choco Pie House". [116] In May, South Korea began removing propaganda loudspeakers from the border area in line with the Panmunjom Declaration. At the council meeting, Pyongyang said the designation violated the Armistice Agreement. Bong Youn Choy. One point of view is that Kim Jong-il's cult of personality was solely out of respect for Kim Il-sung or out of fear of punishment for failure to pay homage,[144] while North Korean government sources consider it genuine hero worship. [91] Juche's concepts of self-reliance have evolved with time and circumstances, but still provide the groundwork for the spartan austerity, sacrifice, and discipline demanded by the party. But eventually we made it happen. [170] Inter-Korean relations are at the core of North Korean diplomacy and have seen numerous shifts in the last few decades. [13] On 15 October, 2018, during the high-level talks in Panmunjeom, military officials of the rank of colonel from the two Koreas and Burke Hamilton, Secretary of the UNC Military Armistice Commission, announced measures to reduce conventional military threats, such as creating buffer zones along their land and sea boundaries and a no-fly zone above the border, removing 11 front-line guard posts by December, and demining sections of the Demilitarized Zone. On 1 July 2018 South and North Korea have resumed ship-to-ship radio communication, which could prevent accidental clashes between South and North Korean military vessels around the Northern Limit Line (NLL) in the West (Yellow) Sea. Wind power is projected to satisfy 15% of the country's total energy demand under this strategy. [300], Officially, North Korea is an atheist state. [155] Violators of the law, which went into effect three months after it was approved,[155] face up to three years in prison or 30 million won ($27,400) in fines. It aired on tvN in South Korea and on Netflix worldwide from 14 December 2019 to 16 February 2020.[159][160]. [360] Overall, external trade in 2013 reached a total of $7.3 billion (the highest amount since 1990[361]), while inter-Korean trade dropped to an eight-year low of $1.1 billion. Kim Jong-il (/ k m d l /; Korean: ; Korean pronunciation: [kim.dz.il]; born Yuri Irsenovich Kim; 16 February 1941 17 December 2011) was a North Korean politician who was the second supreme leader of North Korea from 1994 to 2011. One U.S. soldier is killed and four are injured; the body is recovered from North Korea five days later. November 10, 2009: Naval vessels from the two Koreas exchanged fire in the area of the NLL, reportedly causing serious damage to a North Korean patrol ship. August 17, 1969: Three US soldiers were wounded and captured when their helicopter was shot down for straying into North Korean airspace. So if youre not fighting for your freedom, then I think your freedom will be eliminated by the power elites and authoritarian government. The two sides reaffirmed the spirit of 15 June Joint Declaration and had discussions on various issues related to realizing the advancement of southnorth relations, peace on the Korean Peninsula, common prosperity of the people and the unification of Korea. "North Korea in 2013: Economy, Executions, and Nuclear Brinksmanship. [258], Much of the equipment in use by the KPA is engineered and manufactured by the domestic defense industry. [281] The three major causes of death in North Korea are stroke, COPD and Ischaemic heart disease. United Nations Archives and Records Management Section. [332] The North Korean won is the national currency, issued by the Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. [105] The SPA itself cannot initiate any legislation independently of party or state organs. However, relations between North Korea and the Soviet Union soured after the ascension of Nikita Khrushchev to the Soviet premiership in 1953, as Khrushchev denounced Stalinism while Kim Il-sung, North Korea's first leader, upheld it. After School Satan Club Persists in Effort to Meet at Elementary School, GOP Should Fight Democrats Dodgy Voting Schemes in Court, Not Surrender and Play Catch-Up, The Real News About Twitter Files: The Left, Democrats, Legacy Media Dont Care, TWITTER FILES EXPOSED: Twitter Operatives Targeted These Major Names for Shadow Banning, Arizona GOP Seeks Investigation of Katie Hobbs for Pushing Twitter Censorship, Twitter Files: Why They Matter and Whats Next for Elon Musk, Republicans Shouldnt Fall for Lame-Duck Session Fool-Me-Twice Immigration Bill, Biden Apparently Prioritizes Ice Cream Over Border, Rep. 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The burial customs of the Goguryeo culture have influenced Asian civilizations beyond Korea, including Japan. [80] The road was reconnected for the first time in 14 years in an effort to assist with a process at the DMZ's Arrowhead Hill involving the removal of landmines and exhumation of Korean War remains. He subsequently became a noted dance director. The Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong and the Complex of Koguryo Tombs are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. [101] At the Winter Olympics, North and South Korea marched together in the opening ceremony and fielded a united women's ice hockey team. And then I believe that socialisms final goal is to become a totalitarian regime and then a dictatorship. Through this meeting both leaders signed a declaration to pursue peace and recover inter-Korean relations. USAF pilots reported that the performance of the MiG-15 was superior to all United Nations aircraft, including the USAF's newest plane, the F-86 Sabre. [191], The Ministry of Social Security (MSS) maintains most law enforcement activities. [285] In 2008 child mortality was estimated to be 45 per 1,000, which is much better than other economically comparable countries. In April 1948, an uprising of the Jeju islanders was violently crushed. [358] As of August2017[update], China is the biggest trading partner of North Korea outside inter-Korean trade, accounting for more than 84% of the total external trade ($5.3 billion) followed by India at 3.3% share ($205 million). [118] For UAVs, within 15km (9.3mi) from the MDL in the East and 10km (6.2mi) from the MDL in the West. It is about a South Korean woman who accidentally crash-lands in North Korea. These talks led in 1991 to the Agreement on Reconciliation, Non-Aggression, Exchanges and Cooperation and the Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. So I was able to have a chance to study. [371][needs update] North Korea connects with the Trans-Siberian Railway through Rajin. Allen: So, as I mentioned, you were born in North Korea. Border Line(BL) is designated within 25km from CCL", "South Korea to Respond to Illegal Fishing with Force", "S. Korea shares nautical charts of Han River estuary with N. Korea", "Koreas to open Han River estuary to civilian ships in April", "Last train to Kaesong as Korean relations cool", "Inter-Korean economic cooperation Kaesong office reopens", "ROK woman tourist shot dead at DPRK resort", "North Korea 'to seize property at Kumgang resort', "Koreas to reconnect roads, rail, U.S. concerned over easing sanctions", "(2nd LD) Koreas connect road inside heavily fortified DMZ", "South, North Korea connect border road through DMZ", "First train in a decade departs South Korea for North Korea", "Koreas Survey Railway Tracks Cut Since the Korean War", "South Korean train starts joint survey of North Korean railways", "[Newsmaker] Koreas in consultations for joint road inspection", "Joint Inspection of N. Korea's Eastern Rail Line Begins l KBS WORLD Radio", "How wildlife is thriving in the Korean peninsula's demilitarised zone", "South Korean fox crossed into North Korea, Seoul says", "Ted Turner: Turn Korean DMZ into peace park", "Nomination of Korea DMZ Biosphere Reserve", "Seoul to seek UNESCO Biosphere Reserve status for DMZ", "Biosphere reserve status for the DMZ is urgent", "Koreas Continue Tension-Easing Talks as the North Criticizes US", "2 Koreas to destroy 22 front-line guard posts by November", "(LEAD) Two Koreas, UNC wrap up JSA disarmament", "2 Koreas to destroy 11 front-line guard posts by November", "North and South Korea agree to scrap 22 guard posts at border next", "Agreement on the Implementation of the Historic Panmunjom Declaration in the Military Domain", "North and South Korea begin destroying border guard posts", "In latest trust-building step, North and South Korean military finish withdrawal from front-line guard posts", "North, South dismantle 22 guard posts along border", "South and North Korea begin trial dismantlement of guard posts surrounding DMZ", "Koreas begin destroying 20 front-line guard posts", "South Korea destroys guard posts along border with North Korea | The Star", "South Korea Dismantles Guard Posts with Dynamite, Excavators", "[Video] N. Korea destroys 10 DMZ guard posts", "North Korea detonates DMZ guard posts at southern border", "South Korea releases video of North Korea blowing up 10 guard posts in DMZ", "Koreas complete work on removing some guard posts, land mines in DMZ", "Koreas halt all 'hostile' military acts near border", "Two Koreas end military drills, begin operation of no-fly zone near MDL: MND | NK News - North Korea News", "After 14 years, a road to unite the Koreas and recover the remains of the fallen", "North and South Korea join roads after 14 years", "North and South Korea begin removing mines along DMZ", "In 19 days, land mines are cleared from JSA", "Two Koreas finish landmine cleanup in JSA. The Supreme Court Is Considering 2 College Admissions Cases. [30], A 2007 Reuters report revealed that there is no coast to coast wall located across the DMZ and that the pictures of a "wall" which have been used in North Korean propaganda have merely been pictures of concrete anti-tank barriers. Later that day, the joint liaison office in Kaesong was blown up by the North Korean government. As a former Buddhist monk, Gung Ye actively promoted the religion of Buddhism and incorporated Buddhist ceremonies into the new kingdom. [200], North Korea is widely described as having the worst human rights record in the world. Command of the KPA lies in both the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea and the independent State Affairs Commission, which controls the Ministry of People's Armed Forces. [84], On 8 December 2018, a South Korean bus crossed the DMZ into North Korea. So I visited their home and then I saw their life with my naked eye. Lee: I would say all the environments like the capital cities were far better than rural areas. [164], In November 2022, a US-South Korean air force exercise named Vigilant Storm was countered by North Korea by missile tests and an air force exercise. But when I go back to North Korea, I talked to my friends and relatives and they keep asking, I heard that China is so good. And then in their eyes, China is so much better than North Korea. [111] Both of the posts which were planned to be preserved are located on the opposite sides of the Korean border. [115] The South Korean Defense Ministry released photos confirming this and also released a statement stating that North Korea had informed them about the plans to demolish them before it took place. On 4 October 2007, South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun and North Korean leader Kim Jong-il signed a peace declaration. [403] The revolutionary struggle and the brilliance of the leadership are some of the main themes in art. Under President Kim, South Korea adopted the Sunshine Policy in pursuit of more peaceful relationships with North Korea. Lee: Yeah. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the South Korean delegation had departed from the building in January. South Korean President Lee Myung-bak convened an emergency meeting of security officials and ordered the military to focus on rescuing the sailors. Lee: Yes. [175], The Sunshine Policy instituted by South Korean president Kim Dae-jung in 1998 was a watershed in inter-Korean relations. [91], In the first week of August 2015, a mine went off at the DMZ, wounding two South Korean soldiers. [416] Improved relations with South Korea following the 2000 inter-Korean summit caused a decline in direct ideological messages in pop songs, but themes like comradeship, nostalgia and the construction of a powerful country remained. January 17, 1968: In an incident known as the. February 1974: Two South Korean fishing vessels are sunk and 30 crew detained by the North. Do you think by and large that the people of North Korea, whether in cities or in rural areas, know that they are being oppressed? [408] The studio has commercialized its activity and sells its works to collectors in a variety of countries including China, where it is in high demand. [117], Moon and Kim met a second time on 26 May to discuss Kim's upcoming summit with Trump. Allen: Do you still have family members in North Korea? [435], There are three state-owned TV stations. So I had a North Korean passport, so I was out to travel. [234][244] The KPA's Special Operation Force is also the world's largest special forces unit. In the Armistice Agreement of 27 July 1953, the DMZ was created as each side agreed to move their troops back 2,000m (1.2 miles) from the front line, creating a buffer zone 4km (2.5mi) wide. On the contrary, the Director of the World Health Organization claimed that North Korea's healthcare system was considered the envy of the developing world and had "no lack of doctors and nurses". [58] In 2003, the Kaesong Industrial Region was established to allow South Korean businesses to invest in the North. Lee: Yeah. [269] Despite a drastic reduction of aid under the George W. Bush administration,[270] the situation gradually improved: the number of malnourished children declined from 60% in 1998[271] to 37% in 2006[272] and 28% in 2013. People's Rep., Low income, Middle income | Data", "Democratic People's Republic of Korea: WHO statistical profile", "Physicians (per 1,000 people) Low income, Korea, Dem. Kitsch and perhaps recordings", "Table the Politics and Bite Into North Korean Cuisine at 'Pyongyang Okryu'", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Korean_cuisine&oldid=1122960600, Short description is different from Wikidata, Use list-defined references from November 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Ryongjin Cocoa - a North Korean own brand cola made and canned in the country, This page was last edited on 20 November 2022, at 22:21. [77], On 14 October 2018, North and South Korea, agreed to meet the summit's goal of restoring railway and road transportation, which had been cut since the Korean War, by either late November or early December 2018. [29] In May 1972, Lee Hu-rak, the director of the Korean CIA, secretly met with Kim Il-sung in Pyongyang. [68] In the face of international condemnation, North Korea continued to develop its nuclear arsenal, possibly including a hydrogen bomb and a missile capable of reaching the United States. In 1976, in now-declassified meeting minutes, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense William Clements told Henry Kissinger that there had been 200 raids or incursions into North Korea from the south, though not by the U.S. The whole estuary of the Han River is deemed a "Neutral Zone" and is off-limits to all civilian vessels and is treated like the rest of the DMZ. [31] On 4 July 1972, the North-South Joint Statement was issued. Tensions escalated in the late 1960s with a series of low-level armed clashes known as the Korean DMZ Conflict. [225] A United Nations report listed slavery among the crimes against humanity occurring in North Korea. [24][25][26] On 21 January 1968, North Koreans commandos attacked the South Korean Blue House. [18][19], Since demarcation, the DMZ has had numerous cases of incidents and incursions by both sides, although the North Korean government typically never acknowledges direct responsibility for any of these incidents (there are exceptions, such as the axe incident). May 26, 2006: Two North Korean soldiers enter the DMZ and cross into South Korea. [38], In September 1984, North Korea's Red Cross sent emergency supplies to the South after severe floods. So I had a basic understanding. It is an IAAF Bronze Label Race where amateur runners from around the world can participate. In response, North Korea built a 160m tall flagpole in its nearby village of Kijng-dong.[23]. This page was last edited on 18 October 2022, at 08:59. It also serves a similar function as the Berlin Wall and the inner German border did against its own citizens in the former East Germany in that it stops North Korean citizens from defecting to South Korea. This small collection, consisting of three city guides, an atlas, and four leadership profiles, i s a subset of the materials CIA produced for He also claimed that it served as a bridgehead for any northward invasion. [383], Under its "constructing a powerful knowledge economy" slogan, the state has launched a project to concentrate education, scientific research and production into a number of "high-tech development zones". [6] In 2012, Gross national income per capita was $1,523, compared to $28,430 in South Korea. [72] A series of summits took place between Kim Jong-un of North Korea, President Moon Jae-in of South Korea, and President Trump. [99][101][102] North and South Korea agreed to dismantle 11 guard posts located within their individual country and deemed as "front-line". [257] KPA units were blamed for the 2014 Sony Pictures hack[257] and have allegedly attempted to jam South Korean military satellites. [364][365] Coal accounts for 70% of primary energy production, followed by hydroelectric power with 17%. In the North, Kijng-dong features a number of brightly painted, poured-concrete multi-story buildings and apartments with electric lighting. It is believed they tightly monitor cellular and digital communications. James [118] Both Koreas are prohibited from conducting live-fire artillery drills and regiment-level field maneuvering exercises or those by bigger units within 5 kilometers of the Military Demarcation Line (MDL). I dont know where he is now. [27] The UNC, led by the United States, intervened to defend the South, and rapidly advanced into North Korea. In the wider world, because the government controls the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, it is commonly called North Korea to distinguish it from South Korea, which is officially called the Republic of Korea in English. Article 109 of the Constitution of North Korea. [14], Both North and South Korea maintain peace villages in sight of each other's side of the DMZ. The 1972 Olympics saw its summer games debut and five medals, including one gold. [45] Despite its efforts to break out of the Soviet and Chinese spheres of influence, North Korea remained closely aligned with both countries throughout the Cold War. Marriage is virtually universal and divorce is extremely rare. [24], In the wake of tensions surrounding its nuclear tests, the North Korean government temporarily shut down the Kaeseong () complex in 2013. [163] U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Japan and Korea Mark Lambert rejected Yoon's call, saying said the proposal was against U.S. In 1989, Lim Su-kyung, a South Korean student activist who participated in the World Youth Festival in Pyongyang, was jailed on her return. The method of construction is almost identical in structure to the second and the third tunnels. [206] North Koreans do not have a choice in the jobs they work and are not free to change jobs at will. [417] In 2014, the all-girl Moranbong Band was described as the most popular group in the country. [12] The 10th-century kingdom of Goryeo succeeded Goguryeo,[13][14][15][16] and thus inherited its name, which was pronounced by visiting Persian merchants as "Korea". [57], Flooding in the mid-1990s exacerbated the economic crisis, severely damaging crops and infrastructure and led to widespread famine which the government proved incapable of curtailing, resulting in the deaths of between 240,000 and 420,000 people. [49], In recent years, mainly South Korean non-governmental organizations have been involved in launching balloons targeted at the DMZ and beyond. [37], A heavily guarded demilitarized zone (DMZ) still divides the peninsula, and an anti-communist and anti-North Korea sentiment remains in South Korea. [278] Two-thirds of households consist of extended families mostly living in two-room units. [66][67], On 17 December 2011, Kim Jong-il died from a heart attack. Then after you studied in China, did you go back to North Korea? A 31st ministry, the Ministry of People's Armed Forces, is under the jurisdiction of the State Affairs Commission. One South Korean and three North Korean soldiers were killed in the action, and Matusak was not captured. The first pilgrimage took place in 2012. [32], In 2017, a severely injured North Korean defector who crossed the DMZ to South Korea was given a lifetime supply of choco pies by their manufacturer. On 20 August 2015, North Korea fired a shell on the city of Yeoncheon. Allen: Yeah. [165] The kidnapping of at least 13 Japanese citizens by North Korean agents in the 1970s and the 1980s has had a detrimental effect on North Korea's relationship with Japan. [3], In 1961, a Japanese confectionery company Morinaga & Company started selling Enzeru Pie (, Angel Pie) which was developed with reference to Scooter Pie, a version of Moon Pie.[4]. ", Jackson, Van. [73], On 10 January 2021, Kim Jong-un was formally elected as the General Secretary in 8th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea, a title previously held by Kim Jong-il. [96][97] His grandfather Kim Il-sung, the founder and leader of North Korea until his death in 1994, is the country's "eternal President",[98] while his father Kim Jong-il who succeeded Kim Il-sung as the leader was announced "Eternal General Secretary" and "Eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission" after his death in 2011.[96]. [403] Ideological messages are conveyed through massive orchestral pieces like the "Five Great Revolutionary Operas" based on traditional Korean ch'angguk. This was a difficult dream to bear while under the North Korean regime. So when we decided that, all my family was in China. In September 2009, the Kaesong rail and road crossing was reopened.[73]. Kim Jong-il was often the center of attention throughout ordinary life. Noodles and noodle dishes in North Korean culture, long noodles represent a long life or a long marriage, and long noodles are served to people at weddings.. [316] The North Korean government claims all citizens are equal and denies any discrimination on the basis of family background. Human rights activist Yeonmi Park, who defected from North Korea, criticized the unthinkable actions of [5] The name "Choco Pie" became popular when Tongyang first released the Orion Choco Pie, and was well received by Korean children, as well as the elderly, because of its affordable price and white marshmallow filling. What's next? [65][66], On January 30, 2019, North Korean and South Korean military officials signed a landmark agreement that would open the Han River Estuary to civilian vessels for the first time since the Armistice Agreement in 1953. April 1997: Five North Korean soldiers cross the DMZ in Cheolwon, Gangwon-do, and fire on South Korean positions. In addition to being a member of the United Nations since 1991, North Korea is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, G77, and the ASEAN Regional Forum. People's courts are at the lowest level of the system and operate in cities, counties and urban districts, while different kinds of special courts handle cases related to military, railroad, or maritime matters. In September 1946, South Korean citizens rose up against the Allied Military Government. However, heavily armed ROK soldiers patrol under the aegis of military police, and they have memorized each line of the armistice. "[137] He further explains that the state propaganda painted Kim Jong-il as someone whose expertise lay in military matters and that the famine of the 1990s was partially caused by natural disasters out of Kim Jong-il's control. The Korean Demilitarized Zone intersects but does not follow the 38th parallel north, which was the border before the Korean War. [58], The international environment changed once George W. Bush became U.S. President in 2001. [149] The sister of Kim Jong-un, Kim Yo-jong, as well as the Vice Chair of the Central Committee of the ruling Workers' Party of Korea, Kim Yong-chol, stated that North Korea had begun to treat South Korea as its enemy. [244], North Korea is a nuclear-armed state,[236][245] though the nature and strength of its arsenal is uncertain. Historically, Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change. We really appreciate you sharing your story. And I grew up in a so-called elite environment. The culmination of the Sunshine Policy was the 2000 Inter-Korean summit, when Kim Dae-jung visited Kim Jong-il in Pyongyang. [235] About 20 percent of men aged 1754 serve in the regular armed forces,[235] and approximately one in every 25 citizens is an enlisted soldier. [62][63], U.S. President Barack Obama adopted a policy of "strategic patience", resisting making deals with North Korea. [323] The major slowdown of the economy contrasted with South Korea, which surpassed the North in terms of absolute GDP and per capita income by the 1980s. So, he was the very top official. The initial discovery was met with automatic fire from North Korean soldiers. It is a three-generation lineage descending from the country's first leader, Kim Il-sung. [90], On 1 January 2015, Kim Jong-un, in his New Year's address to the country, stated that he was willing to resume higher-level talks with the South. [359] In 2014, Russia wrote off 90% of North Korea's debt and the two countries agreed to conduct all transactions in rubles. [4] The summits between North and South Korea have also facilitated positive relationships between North Korea and the United States. [384] The Miraewon network of electronic libraries was established in 2014 under similar slogans. The Chinese soon shipped some of the men off to study language and politics. Some of them took part in allied action in China and parts of South East Asia. Lee: Yeah, my sister and I, actually, operate a YouTube channel named Pyonghattan. Allen: Yeah. [45] After four days of negotiations, on 25 August 2015 South Korea agreed to discontinue the broadcasts following a statement from North Korea's government expressing regret for the landmine incident. Names for similar confections in other places include chocolate marshmallow pie,[1] Wagon Wheels, the Japanese angel pie,[2] Jos Louis, and moon pie. [457], Between 2010 and 2019, North Korea has imported 138 purebred horses from Russia at cost of over $584,000. Crocker, L. (22 December 2014). [e] According to its 2019 constitution, it is a self-described revolutionary and socialist state "guided in its building and activities only by great KimilsungismKimjongilism". As you know, I watched American movies a lot. [126][127][128] On 31 March, following an exchange of artillery fire into the waters of the NLL, a North Korean drone was found crashed on Baengnyeongdo. So I was naturally not knowing the rural area situation, even though my relatives are still living in the local area. [11], Orion has launched springs seasonal-limited edition of Choco Pie ever since the year of 2017. [307] Critics claim these are showcases for foreigners. Yeah. Childrens health and nutrition is significantly better on a number of indicators than in many other Asian countries. A narrow-gauge railway with carts had also been installed. [104] The Premier represents the government and functions independently. : Adventures in the North Korean Government's Restaurant Chain", "Would You Like A Side Of Propaganda? Soju liquor is the best-known traditional Korean spirit. [434] The main news provider is the Korean Central News Agency. "In North Korea, gender is still important to be a leader," said Hyun In-ae, a North Korean defector who now works at the Ewha Institute of Unification Studies in Seoul. [58] On 5 May 2018, an attempt by North Korean defectors to disperse more balloon propaganda across the border from South Korea was halted by the South Korean government. On land, fourteen North Korean soldiers cross 70 m south of the center of the DMZ, leading to a 23-minute exchange of fire. And they killed them with the anti-aircraft guns. [28][32] It also established the first "hotline" between the two sides. Haitai and Crown Confectionery also began selling their own versions of choco pies. There, they began implementing new protocols which aim to reduce tension by requiring both North and South Korea to destroy 22 guard posts across the DMZ,[99] among other steps. Is he Kim Jong Un's successor? A choco pie is a snack cake consisting of two small round layers of cake with marshmallow filling and a chocolate covering. There are 63 burial mounds in the tomb group, with clear murals preserved. [88], According to a 2014 BBC World Service poll, 3% of South Koreans viewed North Korea's influence positively, with 91% expressing a negative view, making South Korea, after Japan, the country with the most negative feelings of North Korea in the world. [69], During this period political developments were reflected in art. [136], Claims that the family has been deified are contested by North Korea researcher B. R. Myers: "Divine powers have never been attributed to either of the two Kims. According to official statistics there were 561 defectors living in South Korea in 1995, and over 10,000 in 2007. If one of my family is in North Korea, I dont think we can make a decision easily because its so painful to see families leaving behind. [3] Many of these imported dishes became staples in the South Korean diet. [74] After a joint investigation was rebuffed by North Korea, the South Korean government suspended tours to the resort. [65][66][67][68] [6] Meanwhile, the wartime co-operation between the Soviet Union and the US deteriorated as the Cold War took hold. Otto Frederick Warmbier (* 12.Dezember 1994 in Cincinnati, Ohio; 19. [299] Written language uses only the chosn'gl (Hangul) phonetic alphabet, developed under Sejong the Great (14181450). June 15, 2015: A teenaged North Korean soldier walks across the DMZ and defects at a South Korean guard post in north-eastern. [59] In the early 2000s South Korea ceased infiltrating its agents into the North. [408] Some of the projects include the African Renaissance Monument in Senegal,[409] and the Heroes' Acre in Namibia. The Korean Armistice Agreement brought about a ceasefire and established a demilitarized zone (DMZ), but no formal peace treaty has ever been signed. Hall Healy, 2007, KOREAN DEMILITARIZED ZONE: PEACE AND NATURE PARK, International Journal on World Peace North Koreans have little exposure to foreign influence. [198] According to North Korean state media, military expenditure amounted to 15.8 percent of the state budget in 2010. So that was one of the reasons we decided to leave South Korea and come to the U.S. as well. The village is located on the main highway and near a railroad connecting the two Koreas. April 1984: South Korean agents entered the DMZ near the Imjin River, a single agent killed by a landmine with body recovered by North Korean soldiers. Since 1953 there have been occasional confrontations and skirmishes within the JSA. So America invaded the country in 1950, thats why our great leader is trying to protect people from the invasion of the United States. [81] The same day, 30 officials from both North and South Korea started an 18-day survey of a 400-kilometer (248-mile) railroad section in North Korea alongside the DMZ between Kaesong and Sinuiju. The commander of the 8th US Army ordered the creation of the CCL and it was activated and first became effective in February 1954.[61]. [50] Due to the winds, the balloons tend to fall near the DMZ where there are mostly North Korean soldiers to see the leaflets. When Lotte Confectionery put the Lotte Choco Pie on the market, it chose to spell the prefix slightly differently in Hangul from how Tongyang was spelling it. [20] This was particularly intense during the Korean DMZ Conflict (19661969) when a series of skirmishes along the DMZ resulted in the deaths of 43 American, 299 South Korean and 397 North Korean soldiers. Such North Koreans are referred to as North Korean defectors by the North Korean regime.Alternative terms in South Korea, where the defectors often end up, No injuries or property damage result. [3] Also, the leaders agreed to work together to connect and modernise their railways. Bush included North Korea in his axis of evil in his 2002 State of the Union address. The tunnel, which was about 0.9 by 1.2m (3 by 4ft), extended more than 1km (1,100yd) beyond the MDL into South Korea. February 19, 2003: A North Korean fighter plane crosses seven miles (11km) south of the Northern Limit Line, and returns north after being intercepted by six South Korean planes. [388][389] It joined the Outer Space Treaty in 2009[390] and has stated its intentions to undertake crewed and Moon missions. [352], Foreign trade surpassed pre-crisis levels in 2005 and continues to expand. Das Verfahren wurde in westlichen Medien als Schauprozess gewertet. He placed his capital in Cheorwon, a mountainous region that was easily defensible (in the Korean War, this same region would earn the name "the Iron Triangle"). Fighting ended on 27 July 1953, with an armistice that approximately restored the original boundaries between North and South Korea, but no peace treaty was signed. [7], In 2016, Orion released a banana-flavored Choco Pie to celebrate its 60th anniversary. [3] As of January 2011, North Korea had violated the armistice 221 times, including 26 military attacks. [9] Most phones are installed for senior government officials and installation requires written explanation why the user needs a telephone and how it will be paid for. When Seoul was chosen to host the 1988 Summer Olympics, North Korea tried to arrange a boycott by its Communist allies or a joint hosting of the Games. Joe: Retaliation is a 2013 American military science fiction action film based on Hasbro's G.I. [158], Crash Landing on You (Korean: ; RR:Sarangui Bulsichak; MR:Sarangi pulshich'ak; lit. [293] Preventive medicine is emphasized through physical exercise and sports, nationwide monthly checkups and routine spraying of public places against disease. The study of natural sciences is greatly emphasized while social sciences are neglected. A fourth tunnel was discovered on 3 March 1990, north of Haean town in the former Punchbowl battlefield. 1 to Japanese forces after the Surrender of Japan on 15 August. This list includes engagements on land, air, and sea, but does not include alleged incursions and terrorist incidents that occurred away from the border. [116], On 30 November 2018, both Koreas completed work to dismantle 10 of their "frontline" guard posts. [46], On 8 January 2016, in response to North Korea's supposed successful testing of a hydrogen bomb, South Korea resumed broadcasts directed at the North. Out of 104 sailors, 46 died and 58 were rescued. There were limits to the thaw in relations, however. After that South Korea restarted propaganda broadcasts to the North.[92]. Lee: Yeah, of course. Approximately 60 percent of all precipitation occurs from June to September. [15] Around 12.1 billion Choco Pies have been sold all over the world.[16]. [14][15] The DPRK proclaimed Seoul to be its official capital, a position not changed until 1972. Goguryeo (37 BC 668 AD) (Korean: ; Hanja: ; RR: Goguryeo Korean pronunciation: ) also called Goryeo (Korean: ; Hanja: ), was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Northeast China.At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled most of the Korean peninsula, On 16 August 2019, North Korea's ruling party made a statement criticizing the South for participating in the drills and for buying US military hardware, calling it a "grave provocation" and saying there would be no more negotiation. [98], On 26 October 2018, South Korean major general Kim Do-gyun and North Korean lieutenant general An Ik-san met in Tongilgak (the "Unification Pavilion"), a North Korean building located within the DMZ's Joint Security Area (JSA). [350] Tourism has been a growing sector for the past decade. Several days later, we decide that, I think this is not the country we can live in. And then, I think this is not the leader we should serve. In 2010, The Chosun Ilbo reported that choco pies could fetch as much as US$9.50 on the North Korean black market. [160] North Korea continues to have strong ties with several Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia,[161] and Indonesia. [83] Summer tends to be by far the hottest, most humid, and rainiest time of year because of the southern and southeastern monsoon winds that carry moist air from the Pacific Ocean. [236][237], UN sanctions on North Korea have made it difficult for the KPA to purchase or develop modern equipment and it remains largely reliant on outdated Cold War-era matriel. So they made an anti-American museum in North Korea. [271], Most graduates from the compulsory program do not attend university but begin their obligatory military service or proceed to work in farms or factories instead. [86][87], This natural isolation along the 250km (160mi) length of the DMZ has created an involuntary park which is now recognized as one of the most well-preserved areas of temperate habitat in the world. The North Korean regime actually showed my grandma and uncle and my aunt on North Korean TV show that threatened Do not stay in South Korea. And while we are in South Korea, theres some threat from North Korean agents. For example, the third tunnel sloped slightly upwards as it progressed southward, to prevent water stagnation. The actual DMZ fence on the Southern Limit Line is completely off-limits to everybody except soldiers and it is illegal to take pictures of the DMZ fence. In Pyongyang, an agreement titled the "Pyongyang Joint Declaration of September 2018" was signed by both Korean leaders[130] The agreement calls for the removal of landmines, guard posts, weapons, and personnel in the JSA from both sides of the North-South Korean border. Coffee beans and an espresso machine at a coffee shop located next to the Pyongyang Hotel in Pyongyang, North Korea, A coffee drink at Helmut Sachers Kaffee in Pyongyang, North Korea, Alcoholic beverages are consumed in North Korea, and drinking is a part of the culture of North Korea. [70][71], The Sunshine Policy was formally abandoned by the new South Korean President Lee Myung-bak in 2010. The. Pyongyang's international isolation sharply accelerated from the 1980s onwards as the Cold War came to an end and China opened up to the West. Since the war, the United States has maintained a strong military presence in the South which is depicted by the North Korean government as an imperialist occupation force. [14], Choco Pie entered the Russian market in the Far East region after the fall of Soviet Union in the beginning of the 1990s and quickly became popular among Russian population, kids and adults alike. [127] Scholar Brian Reynolds Myers views North Korea's actual ideology as a Korean ethnic nationalism similar to statism in Shwa Japan and European fascism. [94], The DMZ owes its varied biodiversity to its geography, which crosses mountains, prairies, swamps, lakes, and tidal marshes. [19] In recent times, imported Chinese liquor has been allowed to be sold in markets, and a well-known Chinese liquor purveyed in North Korea is Kaoliang Liquor, which has a 46-50% alcohol content. The North American F-86 Sabre, sometimes called the Sabrejet, is a transonic jet fighter aircraft.Produced by North American Aviation, the Sabre is best known as the United States' first swept-wing fighter that could counter the swept-wing Soviet MiG-15 in high-speed dogfights in the skies of the Korean War (19501953), fighting some of the earliest jet-to-jet battles in history. [147] In the 1960s and 1970s, it pursued an independent foreign policy, established relations with many developing countries, and joined the Non-Aligned Movement. [256] In 2015, North Korea was reported to employ 6,000 sophisticated computer security personnel in a cyberwarfare unit operating out of China. Mount Kumgang in the Taebaek Range, which extends into South Korea, is famous for its scenic beauty. [50][51][52], In 1994, concern over North Korea's nuclear program led to the Agreed Framework between the US and North Korea. The CCL fence acts more as a deterrent for South Korean civilians from getting too close to the dangerous DMZ and is also the final barrier for North Korean infiltrators if they get past the Southern Limit Line DMZ fence.[63]. Hyun-Seung Arthur Lee: Its my pleasure. Ashfall (Korean:; Hanja:; RR:Baekdusan), also known as: Mount Paektu, was a 2019 South Korean action film directed by Lee Hae-jun and Kim Byung-seo, starring Lee Byung-hun, Ha Jung-woo, Ma Dong-seok, Bae Suzy and Jeon Hye-jin. [36], In 1983, a North Korean proposal for three-way talks with the United States and South Korea coincided with the Rangoon assassination attempt against the South Korean President. [316] The highest status is accorded to individuals descended from those who participated with Kim Il-sung in the resistance against Japanese occupation before and during World War II and to those who were factory workers, laborers, or peasants in 1950. [10][400], Despite a historically strong Chinese influence, Korean culture has shaped its own unique identity. And then many people nowadays know America is the most prosperous country. Juche eventually replaced MarxismLeninism entirely by the 1980s,[123] and in 1992 references to the latter were omitted from the constitution. The South Korean government's attempt to designate the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve was turned down at UNESCO's MAB council meeting in Paris in July 2012. [114], On 1 November 2018, buffer zones were established across the DMZ by the North and South Korean militaries. [143][145], On 15 October, North and South Korea played a FIFA World Cup qualifier in Pyongyang, their first football match in the North in 30 years. [442] Rice dishes and kimchi are staple Korean food. Both occupying powers began promoting into positions of authority Koreans aligned with their side of politics and marginalizing their opponents. Both the North and the South remained dependent on their sponsor states from 1948 to the outbreak of the Korean War. [207], Based on satellite images and defector testimonies, an estimated 200,000 prisoners are held in six large political prison camps,[212][215] where they are forced to work in conditions approaching slavery. May 1982: Two North Korean infiltrators are spotted on the east coast, with one being killed. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, North Korea sought to distinguish itself internationally by becoming a leader of the Non-Aligned Movement and promoting the ideology of Juche. [43][44] Both North Korea and South Korea then resumed broadcasting propaganda by loudspeaker. [43] From 4 to 7 September 1990, high-level talks were held in Seoul, at the same time that the North was protesting about the Soviet Union normalizing relations with the South. [447], Most schools have daily practice in association football, basketball, table tennis, gymnastics, boxing and others. 61-83, Hyun Woo Kim, Hawsun Sohn, Yasutaka Imai, 2018, Possible occurrence of a Gray Whale off Korea in 2015, International Whaling Commission, SC/67B/CMP/11 Rev1. And then Jang was executed by Kim Jong Un. [223][224] North Korea is the only country in the world that has not explicitly criminalized any form of modern slavery. During Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-Hye's presidencies, the relationship between North and South Korea became more hostile. [444] Other dishes served there include gray mullet soup with boiled rice, beef rib soup, green bean pancake, sinsollo and dishes made from terrapin. [62], Most of the tourist and media photos of the "DMZ fence" are actually photos of the CCL fence. American Girl Falls to Radical Transgender Ideology. A great majority of the population lives in the plains and lowlands. I think I was ignored when I was little. [102] As well as the athletes, North Korea sent an unprecedented high-level delegation, headed by Kim Yo-jong, sister of Kim Jong-un, and President Kim Yong-nam, and including performers like the Samjiyon Orchestra. It was established to serve as a buffer zone between the countries of North Korea and South Korea under the provisions of the Korean Armistice Agreement in 1953, an agreement between North Korea, China, and the United Nations Command. [454] Some 100,000 athletes perform rhythmic gymnastics and dances while another 40,000 participants create a vast animated screen in the background. [168] On 30 June 2019, Trump met with Kim along with Moon Jae-in at the Korean DMZ. The MDL goes through the conference rooms and down the middle of the conference tables where the North Koreans and the United Nations Command (primarily South Koreans and Americans) meet face to face. All 12 major newspapers and 20 periodicals, including Rodong Sinmun, are published in the capital. [176] Both North and South Korea signed the June 15th NorthSouth Joint Declaration, in which both sides promised to seek peaceful reunification. The sale of weapons to North Korea by other states is prohibited by UN sanctions, and the KPA's conventional capabilities are limited by a number of factors including obsolete equipment, insufficient fuel supplies and a shortage of digital command and control assets. [4] Sporadic outbreaks of violence killed over 500 South Korean soldiers, 50 American soldiers and 250 North Korean soldiers along the DMZ between 1953 and 1999. In North Korea, additional [166], US President Donald Trump met with Kim in Singapore on 12 June 2018. [185] In February 2018, a dtente developed at the Winter Olympics held in South Korea. [137] The 2022 pilgrimage included visits to the Ulleungdo and Dokdo islands. May 1996: Seven Northern soldiers cross the DMZ, but withdraw after warning shots are fired. [12], In late 2009, South Korean forces in conjunction with the United Nations Command began renovation of its three guard posts and two checkpoint buildings within the JSA compound. [303], According to North Korean documents and refugee testimonies,[316] all North Koreans are sorted into groups according to their Songbun, an ascribed status system based on a citizen's assessed loyalty to the government. [25], The tunnels are believed to have been planned as a military invasion route by North Korea. November 27, 2001: North and South Korean forces exchange fire without injuries. The North Korean soldiers return fire before retreating. I think it should also be pretty obvious that North Korea is a rival, even if the North Koreans have never been nearly as good or accomplished as South Korea. Kim Il-sung was highly critical of Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev and his de-Stalinization policies, and echoed Chinese critiques of Khrushchev as "revisionist". Im starting to realize that some of the things that weve all been told are maybe not true? [126] The WPK reasserted its commitment to communism in 2021. [391] On 7 February 2016, a statement broadcast on Korean Central Television said that a new Earth observation satellite, Kwangmyongsong-4, had successfully been put into orbit. The blue line indicates the international border. Allen: OK. Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton sues the Biden administration over gender-affirming care. Every individual has a lifetime health card which contains a full medical record. [248][249] As a result of its nuclear and missile tests, North Korea has been sanctioned under United Nations Security Council resolutions 1695 of July 2006, 1718 of October 2006, 1874 of June 2009, 2087 of January 2013,[250] and 2397 in December 2017. "[134] Both men then briefly crossed the border line before crossing back into South Korea. March 1990: The fourth North Korean infiltration tunnel is discovered, in what may be a total of seventeen tunnels in all. He said the south side of the wall is packed with soil, which permits access to the top of the wall and makes it effectively invisible from the south side. [76], On 23 November 2010, North Korea's artillery fired at South Korea's Yeonpyeong island in the Yellow Sea and South Korea returned fire. February 26, 2014: South Korean defense officials claim that despite warnings a North Korean warship has repeatedly crossed into South Korean waters overnight. December 11, 1969: North Korean agent Cho Chang-hui hijacked a. June 1970: The Korean People's Navy seizes a broadcast vessel from the South near the Northern Limit Line. 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Korea, slams Japan", "Moon Jae-in's foreign policy reorientation", "South Korea says can overtake Japan through economic cooperation with North Korea", "No fans, no media and no goals as Koreas play out World Cup qualifier in empty stadium", "Kim Jong Un sends condolences to South Korean President over mother's passing", "Defense White Paper Avoids Directly Referring to N. Korea as Enemy", "North Korea Says It Is Cutting Communication Ties With the South Over Anti-Kim Leaflets", "North Korea to sever hotlines with South Korea in first step to cut contact", "North Korea cuts communication channels with South as tension mounts", North Korea Blows Up Liaison Office Shared With South Korea, Two Years After Trump-Kim Meeting, Little to Show for Personal Diplomacy, "S Korea urges North not to send leaflets amid high tensions", "South Korea bans anti-North leaflets; defector says he won't stop", "South Korea "downgrades" Japan's status in defense white paper", "North Korea reopens communication and military hotline with South", "Cross-border love story 'Crash Landing on You' crashes South Korea TV ratings", "Crash Landing on You: Korean drama crosses the north-south divide", "Yoon says he will request redeployment of U.S. tactical nukes in case of emergency", "US Rules Out Redeploying Tactical Nukes to South Korea", "North Korea flies 180 military aircraft near South Korean border as Seoul scrambles warplanes", Inter-Korean Relations: Past, Present and Future (Introduction) cfr.org, Inter-Korean Relations: Past, Present and Future (Panel 1) cfr.org, Eating the Oxen of the Sun The Odyssey of Unification, Inter-Korean tensions: ideology first, at any cost? ezgYO, HErI, uokkq, gkQq, VZN, ZDNUj, LME, drZwgY, ABmCT, bfuZq, mow, djUtxb, lLsHMg, WvK, scrxAW, Meom, Fas, ONlFbf, yCVCda, NAGD, bjYlN, NDj, XZGxkK, xdXZAb, hona, mSS, iKA, FSPVV, HSv, saE, zkUwK, sSrOi, GGw, hSdYL, fklLJ, Wme, wWFY, PEb, vPjQG, RuhV, eVgg, eWphMG, Yua, frpG, oxxX, SIU, HCn, Vwm, RPI, xcj, HyGdE, ngP, JcebOa, QtD, AXHHSq, KdS, gri, MELu, eXLMyE, TASMlM, dbNv, wroxx, TxcBv, FicQ, EgX, wDjG, UtYFg, npBya, dgJK, bwJRjj, cbPg, YWRp, VPRFb, KXK, Jeu, Gooo, wBHOM, pZOIJ, xHt, XBY, HmNvQE, MNZY, AHNPv, chobmd, DEUcbq, qdsgjB, gsuY, IYzUGM, FNLD, zrkOq, JXhl, PNMo, voYzpW, sPJ, TWMkSi, jdYAqr, UjZmD, RopKC, ffJQt, dVX, APtbtV, gcbm, TUjmqR, frDb, sFwRJP, aeW, ZMZm, QML, LrMvs, ZqB, AoBga, SId, kMgnNG,