Rickets occurs most commonly in young meat birds; the main characteristic is inadequate bone mineralization. It is now a well-known fact that selenium deficiency can lead to a number of disease conditions, including cancer. Selenium and the course of mild Graves' orbitopathy. Derumeaux H, Valeix P, Castetbon K, Bensimon M, Boutron-Ruault MC, Arnaud J, Hercberg S. Association of selenium with thyroid volume and echostructure in 35- to 60-year-old French adults. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2000. Helps immune system A lack of selenium is linked to ongoing inflammation and immune system problems. Kashin-Beck disease is characterized by changes in the joints and reduced bone growth. What is selenium and why do we need it? 2022 Feb 28;22(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s12906-022-03535-y. FOIA According to a 2011 study, people with mild TED who took selenium supplements had reduced symptoms compared with those who took a placebo (inactive pill). [8][9], The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommends a dietary allowance of 70 g per day selenium intake for adults. Furthermore, ophthalmic outcomes improved in 61% of patients in the selenium group compared with 36% of those in the placebo group, and only 7% of the selenium group had mild progression of the disease, compared with 26% of those in the placebo group. selenium deficiency has been shown to exacerbate the cardiomyopathic effects of chagas' disease 10 and to produce the equivalent of white muscle disease in patients with anorexia nervosa. Children with selenium deficiency can develop Kashin-Beck disease, which causes slow and progressive degeneration of the bones and joints. Earlier studies confirmed that selenium (Se) displays a close association with kidney diseases. 2022 Dr. Axe. Selenium is an antioxidant that plays an important role in reproduction, thyroid hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, and protection from oxidative damage and infection. This typically happens in combination with an iodine deficiency. Cardiomyopathy, growth retardation, and osteoarthritis are possible manifestations. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Selenium is also a part of the enzymes that deiodinate thyroid hormones. Association of antioxidants with memory in a multiethnic elderly sample using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The most common clinical signs of chronically high selenium intakes, or selenosis, are hair and nail loss or brittleness. The DV for selenium is 55 mcg for adults and children aged 4 years and older [13]. On the other hand, selenium deficiency can lead to: male infertility; a type of heart disease called Keshan disease; a type of arthritis called Kashin-Beck disease; The Dietary Guidelines for Americans describes a healthy dietary pattern as one that: This fact sheet by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) provides information that should not take the place of medical advice. Selenium deficiency can cause Keshan disease (a type of heart disease) and male infertility. Our team includes licensed nutritionists and dietitians, certified health education specialists, as well as certified strength and conditioning specialists, personal trainers and corrective exercise specialists. Some potential factors that may lead me to suspect an iodine deficiency include: eating a diet low in seafood, . J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;39:203-10. Selenium refers to not having enough selenium content in your system. Eating foods high in selenium helps in the treatment of selenium deficiency. Serum selenium and peripheral arterial disease: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2003-2004. However, research has estimated that up to 1 billion people around the world are affected by insufficient selenium intake. However, the correlation between Se and fibrosis has rarely been explored. However, more research is needed to make any firm conclusions. Vitamin A plays a critical role in multiple areas of the body, Coined The Mother of All Antioxidants by Mark Hyman, MD, glutathione remains Coconuts are considered one of the healthiest fruits in the world, and Chia seeds are frequently featured as the star ingredient in many healthy trace mineral found naturally in the soil, 9 Proven Black Seed Oil Benefits that Boost Your Health, L-Glutamine Benefits Leaky Gut & Metabolism, 15 Fermented Foods for a Healthy Gut and Overall Health, Sucralose: 5 Reasons to Avoid This Artificial Sweetener, Apple Cider Vinegar Benefits for Weight Loss, Skin Health, Cholesterol & More, Chia Seeds Benefits: The Omega-3, Protein-Packed Superfood, Top 10 Vitamin A Foods and Their Benefits, Read Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Weak muscles. An analysis of NHANES data on 4,809 elderly people in the United States found no association between serum selenium levels (which ranged from lower than 11.3 to higher than 13.5 mcg/dL) and memory test scores [58]. Cao B, Zeng M, Si Y, Zhang B, Wang Y, Xu R, Huang Y, Feng W, Zheng X. BMC Complement Med Ther. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:892-9. [, Gao S, Jin Y, Hall KS, Liang C, Unverzagt FW, Ji R, et al. Soils contain inorganic selenites and selenates that plants accumulate and convert to organic forms, mostly selenocysteine and selenomethionine and their methylated derivatives. A selenium deficiency automatically leads to a redistribution of the selenium stores. [, Rayman MP. Because of its effects on DNA repair, apoptosis, and the endocrine and immune systems as well as other mechanisms, including its antioxidant properties, selenium might play a role in the prevention of cancer [2,9,35,36]. [, Rees K, Hartley L, Day C, Flowers N, Clarke A, Stranges S. Selenium supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. 2022 Jun 28;14(13):2695. doi: 10.3390/nu14132695. The most common ones are: In addition to living in an area with soil low in selenium, the following things can also increase your risk of selenium deficiency, regardless of where you live: Each of these things can affect your bodys absorption of selenium, even if youre getting enough selenium through your diet. Brazil nuts: an effective way to improve selenium status. Although selenium deficiency is rare, its important to make sure youre getting enough of it and absorbing it properly. An official website of the United States government. However, supplementation with any of these forms only affected plasma selenium levels and not glutathione peroxidase activity or selenoprotein P concentration, confirming that study participants were selenium replete before they began taking selenium supplements. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 2003 Sep;377(1):32-8. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Combs GF, Jr and Gray WP. Most selenium is in the form of selenomethionine in animal and human tissues, where it can be incorporated nonspecifically with the amino acid methionine in body proteins. Intestinal diseases caused by chronic inflammation are among the most important threats to human health, and there is no complete cure at present. For example, selenium deficiency in combination with a second stress (possibly a viral infection) leads to Keshan disease, a cardiomyopathy that occurred in parts of China prior to a government-sponsored selenium supplementation program that began in the 1970s [2,5,8,21]. (2018). What happens when you have a selenium deficiency? The amount of selenium in drinking water is not nutritionally significant in most geographic regions [2,6]. Includes a variety of vegetables; fruits; grains (at least half whole grains); fat-free and low-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese; and oils. springer Iodine supplementation in selenium - deficient populations is, in theory, problematic, partly for this reason. Selenium deficiency is associated with arthropathies, such as Kashin-Beck disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. Selenium. Nutrition 15:255 Almost all of the subjects in these clinical trials were well-nourished male adults in the United States. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Both selenocysteine and selenite are reduced to generate hydrogen selenide, which in turn is converted to selenophosphate for selenoprotein biosynthesis [4]. -. According to a 2017 article published in the journal PNAS, insufficient selenium intake has been estimated to affect up to 1 billion people worldwide. Selenium deficiency risk is also predicted to increase under future climate change. headache. Ensuring you intake enough essential nutrients is important to avoid low levels like selenium deficiency. [5] In Finland, selenium salts are added to chemical fertilizers, as a way to increase selenium in soils. Selenium works with vitamin E as an antioxidant. A selenium deficiency can then occur with a purely vegetarian or vegan diet with predominantly regional products . Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1802-8. [3] The primary symptom of Keshan disease is myocardial necrosis, leading to weakening of the heart. However, some research has shown conflicting results on this subject. Selenium deficiency has been shown to directly impair thyroid hormone production from the thyroid gland and it may reduce the peripheral conversion of T4 thyroid hormone into the active T3 thyroid hormone (9). Wnt/-Catenin in Acute Kidney Injury and Progression to Chronic Kidney Disease. In 2003, the FDA allowed a qualified health claim on foods and dietary supplements containing selenium to state that while "some scientific evidence suggests that consumption of selenium may reduce the risk of certain forms of cancer FDA has determined that this evidence is limited and not conclusive" [43]. Mortality risk in selenium-deficient HIV-positive children. Cisplatin can reduce selenium levels in hair and serum but whether these reductions have a clinically significant impact is not known [67,68]. Several food sources of selenium are listed in Table 2. Oxidative stress; Renal fibrosis; Se deficiency; Selenoprotein; Wnt/-catenin. (2011). Atherosclerosis 2010;210:662-7. The authors of a Cochrane review of hypothyroidism interventions during pregnancy concluded, based on a trial that administered supplements containing 200 mcg selenium as selenomethionine daily to 151 pregnant women with thyroid peroxidase antibodies [64], that selenomethionine supplementation in this population is a promising strategy, especially for reducing postpartum thyroiditis [65]. A meta-analysis of 20 epidemiologic studies showed a potential inverse association between toenail, serum, and plasma selenium levels and prostate cancer risk [38]. High risk of HIV-related mortality is associated with selenium deficiency. If you have a condition that puts you at risk for selenium deficiency, you may want to have your levels tested to see if you can experience additional selenium benefits by taking a supplement. Selenium deficiency could exacerbate iodine deficiency, potentially increasing the risk of cretinism in infants [ 2, 5 ]. Association between Selenium Status and Chronic Kidney Disease in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Based on CHNS Data. It helps the body thanks in large part to its role acting as an antioxidant. Selenium intakes and serum concentrations in the United States and Canada vary somewhat by region because of differences in the amounts of selenium in soil and in local foods consumed [6,20]. Rainfall, evaporation, and pH levels all affect selenium concentration in soil. All Rights Reserved. Essentially what selenium is doing is helping to regulate the immune system, which will decrease the damage caused to the tissues of the eyes. [, Kesse-Guyot E, Fezeu L, Jeandel C, Ferry M, Andreeva V, Amieva H, et al. A meta-analysis of 25 observational studies found that people with lower selenium concentrations had a higher risk of coronary heart disease [44]. Acute selenium toxicity can cause severe gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial infarction, hair loss, muscle tenderness, tremors, lightheadedness, facial flushing, kidney failure, cardiac failure, and, in rare cases, death [2,6]. Does dietary intake of selenium protect against cancer? An iodine deficiency can cause uncomfortable and even severe symptoms, which often resemble those of hypothyroidism. Selenium deciency is also associated with male infertility and might play a role in Kashin-Beck disease, a type of osteoarthritis that occurs in certain low-selenium areas of China, Tibet, and Siberia. Cardoso BR, et al. Pharmacol Ther 1998; 79:179-92. Washington, DC: International Life Sciences Institute; 2006:480-97, Terry EN, Diamond AM. Another randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial compared the effects of 200 mcg/day selenium (as sodium selenite), 1,200 mg/day pentoxifylline (an antiinflammatory agent), or placebo for 6 months in 159 patients with mild Graves orbitopathy [63]. 2022 Jul 11;10:912562. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.912562. In the United States, 18% to 19% of adults and children use a dietary supplement containing selenium [16]. Selenium-rich foods include: Brazil nuts organ meats yellowfin tuna rice beans whole. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2012;21:320-6. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The role of these proteins can be broken down as: transport of selenium antioxidant/redox related enzymes thyroid enzymes The transport of selenium throughout the body and into cells is important, and it varies a bit due to genetic differences. What is selenium good for in the body? World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Brazil nuts, seafoods, and organ meats are the richest food sources of selenium [1]. In the UK it is 75g/day for adult males and 60g/day for adult females. [, Marcocci C, Kahaly GJ, Krassas GE, Bartalena L, Prummel M, Stahl M, et al. Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. Kidney Injuries and Evolution of Chronic Kidney Diseases Due to Neonatal Hyperoxia Exposure Based on Animal Studies. Selenium is important for healthy thyroid function. Cisplatin, an inorganic platinum chemotherapy agent, is used to treat ovarian, bladder, lung, and other cancers. Recent research suggests that worldwide, up to one in seven people is dealing with selenium deficiency. In addition, you have levels of the enzyme called glutathione peroxidase tested, since this is needed to maintain normal selenium levels. Zinc is a nutrient that plays many vital roles in your body. More research is needed in this area. -, Zhou H, Wang T, Li Q, Li D (2018) Prevention of Keshan disease by selenium supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiological evidence supporting a relationship between selenium levels and thyroid gland function includes an analysis of data on 1,900 participants in the SU.VI.MAX study indicating an inverse relationship between serum selenium concentrations and thyroid volume, risk of goiter, and risk of thyroid tissue damage in people with mild iodine deficiency [60]. [. The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice. The U.S. Department of Agricultures (USDAs) FoodData Central [10] lists the nutrient content of many foods and provides a comprehensive list of foods containing selenium arranged by nutrient content and by food name. 1) diarrhea. Here are 10 signs and symptoms of. Many of the symptoms are therefore the same as those of an underactive thyroid:10,11 hair loss or changes to hair and nails fatigue brain fog , difficulty concentrating or memory problems Selenium (Se) is a part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which metabolizes hydroperoxides formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element and its deficiency can lead to immune dysfunction. The recommended daily intake of selenium is 70 g/day for adults that are ages 18+. [, Niskar AS, Paschal DC, Kieszak SM, Flegal KM, Bowman B, Gunter EW, et al. Who is at risk for selenium deficiency? Selenium deficiency risk predicted to increase under future climate change. In some regions (e.g. Gynecol Oncol 2004;93:320-7. [17] In general, absorption of dietary selenium is lower in ruminants than in non-ruminants, and is lower from forages than from grain. However, seleniums independent contribution to the observed effects in this study cannot be determined. Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral that supports your body in many ways. Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. According to research, populations in the U.S. living in the Northwest, Northeast, Southeast and areas of the Midwest likely have the lowest selenium levels due to the soil in those areas. The selenium content of soil affects the amounts of selenium in the plants that animals eat, so the quantities of selenium in animal products also vary [2,5]. By not meeting your body's selenium demands, you run the risk of developing a sluggish thyroid, leading to hypothyroidism or goiter. Early indicators of excess intake are a garlic odor in the breath and a metallic taste in the mouth. Thyroid eye disease is common in Graves' Disease, and this condition involves the immune system attacking the tissues of the eyes. The dyshomeostasis hypothesis helps reconcile previous conflicting reports on the correlations between selenium status and disease severity . These values, which vary by age and sex, include: Table 1 lists the current RDAs for selenium in mcg. Selenium (Se) intake disequilibrium is associated with many human diseases (e.g., Keshan disease and type 2 diabetes). Selenium deficiency is known to cause problems for many systems of the body including the cardiovascular system, the immune system and the endocrine system. An overdose of selenium may possibly cause reactions like bad breath, fever, nausea and potentially liver complications or even kidney and heart problems although these only occur at very high levels of selenium that reach poisoning status. [, Sieja K, Talerczyk M. Selenium as an element in the treatment of ovarian cancer in women receiving chemotherapy. MeSH [, Hercberg S, Galan P, Preziosi P, Bertrais S, Mennen L, Malvy D, et al. In many countries, eggs, meat and milk products that are fortified with selenium are also now available. Selenium deficiency leads in animal and man to rare diseases, which are unknown in Switzerland. Others may develop infertility and joint pain. -, Lu J, Holmgren A (2009) Selenoproteins. [, Stone CA, Kawai K, Kupka R, Fawzi WW. The diagnosis is made clinically and indirectly . Effect of selenium supplements on hemoglobin concentration and morbidity among HIV-1-infected Tanzanian women. Multiple incidents of brain fog. The most commonly used measures of selenium status are plasma and serum selenium concentrations [1]. The thyroid, part of the endocrine system, is the organ with the highest concentration of selenium per weight of organ tissue. Whole foods are the best sources of selenium, especially when these foods are handled and prepared in a delicate way, since selenium may be destroyed during processing and very high-heat cooking methods. Biol Trace Elem Res 2003;91:1-10. BJU Int 2003;91:608-12. [, Dennert G, Horneber M. Selenium for alleviating the side effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery in cancer patients. Quick menu - Mobile (425) 688-5000; MyChart; Careers It is mainly used in the body in the form of selenoproteins and has a variety of biological functions. Selenium deficiency mainly affects the normal physiological state of bone and cartilage through oxidative stress reaction and immune reaction. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1999;15:508-13. Selenium is an important mineral. Plasma selenium over time and cognitive decline in the elderly. An analysis of data from the Supplmentation en Vitamines et Minraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) study on 4,447 participants aged 45 to 60 years in France found that, compared with placebo, daily supplementation with 120 mg ascorbic acid, 30 mg vitamin E, 6 mg beta-carotene, 100 mcg selenium, and 20 mg zinc for 8 years was associated with higher episodic memory and semantic fluency test scores 6 years after the study ended [59]. Selenium deficiency occurs when someone has lower than adequate levels of selenium in their body. Careers. Epub 2021 Apr 24. Some small studies have shown that selenium supplementation can reduce cisplatins toxicity [69] but the authors of a Cochrane review concluded that the evidence that selenium supplementation alleviates the side effects of chemotherapy is insufficient [70]. In one randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 100, 200, or 300 mcg/day selenium for 6 months in 368 healthy adults aged 60 to 74 years had no effect on thyroid function, even though plasma selenium levels increased significantly [62]. We encourage you to talk to your health care providers (doctor, registered dietitian, pharmacist, etc.) Selenium is needed for selenocysteine synthesis and is essential for the production of selenoproteins, as well as enzymes and catalysts that are required for the activation of thyroid hormone and antioxidants, such as glutathione peroxidase. Adequate Intake (AI): Intake at this level is assumed to ensure nutritional adequacy; established when evidence is insufficient to develop an RDA. Average selenium intakes are also low in some European countries, especially among populations consuming vegan diets [5,9,23]. In addition, hemodialysis patients are at risk of low dietary selenium intakes due to anorexia resulting from uremia and dietary restrictions. Dennert G, et al. A review of trials of selenium-only supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease found no statistically significant effects of selenium on fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events [52]. [10] In the US, the Dietary Reference Intake for adults is 55g/day. Increased risk of infertility in men and women. In: Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins RJ, Tucker KL, Ziegler TR, eds. Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). Iron deficiency makes the body more susceptible to lead poisoning. Selenium levels in relation to morbidity and mortality among children born to HIV-infected mothers. Naturally, selenium deficiency can lead to lower levels of fertility. Many multivitamins contain selenium, but you can also find it as a standalone product. Quantification of one or more selenoproteins (such as glutathione peroxidase and selenoprotein P) is also used as a functional measure of selenium status [3]. Selenium deficiency symptoms can include: hair loss, reproductive issues, muscle weakness, fatigue, brain fog and thyroid dysfunction. Lin X, Zha Y, Zeng XZ, Dong R, Wang QH, Wang DT. [, Rayman MP. Sunde RA. The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), a randomized, controlled trial in 35,533 men aged 50 years or older from the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico, was discontinued after 5.5 years when analyses showed no association between supplementation with 200 mcg/day selenium with or without 400 international units (IU)/day vitamin E and prostate cancer risk [41]. (2010). While the RDA for selenium for adults is 55 micrograms/daily, the average daily intake of selenium in the U.S. and certain developed nations is believed to be 125 micrograms per day, which exceeds the daily requirement. Selenium Deficiency-Induced Damage and Altered Expression of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Markers in the Kidneys of Mice. Other trials have provided evidence that selenium supplementation (200 mcg/day) or supplementation with a multivitamin/multimineral pill containing selenium (100 mcg/day) does not reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease or cardiac death [49-51]. Since a selenium deficiency can lead to . Plasma selenium is positively related to performance in neurological tasks assessing coordination and motor speed. Eur J Cancer 2006;42:2463-71. [, Burbano X, Miguez-Burbano MJ, McCollister K, Zhang G, Rodriguez A, Ruiz P, et al. Serum selenium levels in the US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Selenomethionine tends to be easier for your body to absorb, so it may be a better option for more severe deficiency cases. [. The federal government's 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans notes that "Because foods provide an array of nutrients and other components that have benefits for health, nutritional needs should be met primarily through foods. 8600 Rockville Pike History of changes to this fact sheet, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Strengthening Knowledge and Understanding of Dietary Supplements, My Dietary Supplement and Medicine Record, Analytical Methods and Reference Materials (AMRM), NIH Consortium for Advancing Research on Botanical and Other Natural Products (CARBON) Program, Computer Access to Research on Dietary Supplements (CARDS) Database, Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID), ODS Funding of Grants & Administrative Supplements: FAQ, Administrative Supplements for Validation Studies of Analytical Methods, Staff Bios, Publications, and Presentations, Federal Working Group on Dietary Supplements, NIH Dietary Supplement Research Coordinating Committee. much of the northeastern and northwestern US and adjacent Canada, and the southeastern US), selenium deficiency in some animal species is common unless supplementation is carried out. Food-chain selenium and human health: emphasis on intake. Selenium can be found in many different foods, including . For example, your thyroid stores more selenium than anywhere else in the body because selenium plays a big part inmetabolicprocesses. Talk with a qualified healthcare professional before you begin taking a selenium supplement. 2008 Feb;87(2):379-84. Our team aims to be not only thorough with its research, but also objective and unbiased. are clickable links to these studies. Among human diseases related to selenium deciency, J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48:1285-91. Klein EA, Thompson Jr. IM, Tangen CM, Crowley JJ, Lucia MS, Goodman PJ, et al. Neonate ruminants at risk of WMD may be administered both Se and vitamin E by injection; some of the WMD myopathies respond only to Se, some only to vitamin E, and some to either. [3] Nuts, seeds, beans, and some vegetables are rich in selenium, but you can also take this essential micronutrient supplementally when . Jones GD, et al. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:1475-8. JAMA 2011;306:1549-1556. Selenium and human health. [. To understand the mechanism of Se deficiency-induced hepatic pathogenesis, a pure line pig model was established by feeding a diet with either 0.07 mg/kg Se or 0.3 mg/kg Se for 16 weeks. This section focuses on four diseases and disorders in which selenium might play a role: cancer, cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and thyroid disease. Several large population based intervention trials using oral administration of sodium selenite tablets showed significant reduction of Keshan disease incidence. [10] These diseases are most common in certain parts of China where the intake is low[13] because the soil is extremely deficient in selenium. The supplements lowered levels of total plasma cholesterol and nonhigh-density-lipoprotein (HDL) plasma cholesterol (total cholesterol levels minus HDL levels) compared with the placebo group, whereas the 300 mcg/day dose significantly increased HDL levels. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies In the Se-deficient group, the levels of collagen I, collagen III, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and other fibrosis-related proteins changed significantly in vivo and in vitro. Vegan, gluten-free, and low-protein diets provide suboptimal amounts of selenium. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:2335-42. Scientists are studying selenium to understand how it affects health. Davis CD. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:404-10. In the future we may see more countries fortifying soil with additional selenium (such as in the form of yeasts) to help bring levels up in the food supply. HIV Clin Trials 2002;3:483-91. Additional research is needed to determine whether selenium supplements can help prevent or treat thyroid disease. Consequently, suboptimal regional soil presence can result in selenium deficiency, often an endemic problem, leading to various diseases, such as kidney disease [16], and obesity [17]. [, Burk RF, Norsworthy BK, Hill KE, Motley AK, Byrne DW. Am J Epidemiol 2007;165:955-65. Here are the 11 most nutrient-dense foods on earth. In calves, white muscle disease is a sure sign of selenium deficiency. Selenium for preventing cancer. Would you like email updates of new search results? Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in the body. 2021 Jan;199(1):185-196. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02112-z. Skeletal muscle groups commonly affected include those of the upper fore and hind limbs, and affected animals walk with a stiff . Stephensen CB, et al. [, Negro R, Greco G, Mangieri T, Pezzarossa A, Dazzi D, Hassan H. The influence of selenium supplementation on postpartum thyroid status in pregnant women with thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. J Nutr 2010;140:317-24. Thus . Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;28:689-703. [, Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Simonetti RG, Gluud C. Systematic review: primary and secondary prevention of gastrointestinal cancers with antioxidant supplements. [, MacFarquhar JK, Broussard DL, Melstrom P, Hutchinson R, Wolkin A, Martin C, et al. [, Bod ET, Stefnka Z, Ipolyi I, Srs C, Dernovics M, Fodor P. Preparation, homogeneity and stability studies of a candidate LRM for Se speciation. Based on the above evidence, it was concluded that selenium deficiency is the major cause of Keshan disease, although other etiological factors could not be ruled out. French adults' cognitive performance after daily supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and minerals at nutritional doses: a post hoc analysis of the Supplementation in Vitamins and Mineral Antioxidants (SU.VI.MAX) trial. Observational studies have found an association between lower selenium concentrations in people with HIV and an increased risk of cardiomyopathy, death, and, in pregnant women, HIV transmission to offspring and early death of offspring [26-30]. Signs of too much selenium include a garlic-like odor on your breath and a metallic taste in your mouth. 1-3 Selenoprotein P[11] is a better indicator of selenium nutritional status, and full expression of it would require more than 66g/day.[12]. [, Shahar A, Patel KV, Semba RD, Bandinelli S, Shahar DR, Ferrucci L, et al. This article explains how various cooking methods affect the. [, Kupka R, Mugusi F, Aboud S, Msamanga GI, Finkelstein JL, Spiegelman D, et al. Lippman SM, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, Lucia MS, Thompson IM, Ford LG, et al. Abstract. As indicated in this study, the glutathione (GSH) content in the Se-deficient group displayed an obvious decline compared with that in the control group, whereas the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was obviously elevated. Adult men have higher daily intakes (134 mcg from foods and 151 mcg from foods and supplements) than adult women (93 mcg from foods and 108 mcg from foods and supplements). [, Berr C, Balansard B, Arnaud J, Roussel AM, Alprovitch A. Cognitive decline is associated with systemic oxidative stress: the EVA study. These include, for example, Brazil nuts, broccoli, white cabbage and legumes. Selenium deficiency could exacerbate iodine deficiency, potentially increasing the risk of cretinism in infants [2,5]. The results of Masson staining showed fibrosis around the renal tubules, and the results of immunohistochemistry showed that the area of positive fibronectin expression increased. Selenium status, thyroid volume, and multiple nodule formation in an area with mild iodine deficiency. J Biol Chem 284:723727 Selenium deficiency leads to. Background Without an adequate immune response, SARS-CoV2 virus can simply spread throughout the body of the host. Se and Zn deficiency might lead to inflammation, oxidative stress, and viral entry into the cells by decreasing ACE-2 expression; three factors that are proposed to be involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis. 2013 Jan 31;(1):CD009671. Compared with the control group, the TRNAU1AP-shRNA group showed markedly reduced cell proliferation and migration abilities. You can see then why low selenium intake can be problematic. Many studies have investigated the immune damage caused by Se deficiency in chickens, but its mechanism still needs to be explored. (2018). Glutathione peroxidase (G-Px) is a selenium-dependent enzyme that protects cell membranes and lipid-containing organelles from peroxidative damage by inhibition and destruction. Selenium deficiency is rare, but it can get serious if it goes unchecked. Foods providing 20% or more of the DV are considered to be high sources of a nutrient, but foods providing lower percentages of the DV also contribute to a healthful diet. Selenium is a particularly important mineral because it supports the function of several systems. [, Laclaustra M, Stranges S, Navas-Acien A, Ordovas JM, Guallar E. Serum selenium and serum lipids in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004. Getting selenium from foods is the safest way to prevent low levels because high intakes via supplements can possibly cause side effects. A deficiency in the level of selenium can cause a lot of health complications. Acute selenium toxicity associated with a dietary supplement. 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