The technical limits of weight-bearing masonry had imposed formal as well as structural constraints; suddenly, those constraints were gone. He was also tone deaf. Don't miss what's happening in your neighborhood.WebWebWeb2022 Indian Chief Bobber cables Motorcycles For Sale in Ridgeland, ms - Browse 1 2022 Indian Chief Bobber cables Motorcycles Near You available on Cycle Trader. The mental aspect of emotion, the feeling, is a slave to its physiology, not vice versa: we do not tremble because we are afraid or cry because we feel sad; we are afraid because we tremble and are sad because we cry. His respectful attitude towards them speaks well of his character.[20]. When James moves on to then state that pragmatism's goal is ultimately "to try to interpret each notion by tracing its respective practical consequences," he does not clarify what he means by "practical consequences. Thomas, George E.; Cohen, Jeffrey A.; and Lewis, Michael J.; This page was last edited on 6 December 2022, at 22:23. The reasons why we call things true is the reason why they are true, for 'to be true' means only to perform this marriage-function. Notion Finance Tracker is a free, simple yet powerful Notion budget template for keeping track of your money. Coming in with that presumption can bias the study phase. Entering MIT at the age of sixteen, Sullivan studied architecture there briefly. Get expert coaching, deep technical support and guidance. If there are tradable resources and services nearby but no related industries in the same area, there are no networking linkages and therefore makes it difficult for all firms in the area to obtain resources and increase production. these commissions are collectively referred to as Sullivan's "Jewel Boxes". Therefore, an inner soul causes one to have a thought, which leads them to perform a behavior, and memory of past behaviors determine how one will act in the future.[69]. This idea foresaw 20th century objections to evidentialism and sought to ground justified belief in an unwavering principle that would prove more beneficial. The Income Goal Tracker will show you the percentage of progress youve made so far. Nickel died inside Sullivan's Stock Exchange building while trying to retrieve some elements, when a floor above him collapsed. When the director of a bank that was considering hiring him asked Sullivan why they should engage him at a cost higher than the bids received for a conventional Neo-Classic styled building from other architects, Sullivan is reported to have replied, "A thousand architects could design those buildings. NMLS# 403109. The theory of emotion was also independently developed in Italy by the anthropologist Giuseppe Sergi. ", "The magnitude and causes of agglomeration economies", "The identification of agglomeration economies", "Micro-foundations of urban agglomeration economies", "Cities, productivity, and quality of life", "The welath of cities: agglomeration economies and spacial equilibrium in the United States", "Atmospheric pollution in rapidly growing industrial cities: spatial policies and land use patterns", "Technology intensity and agglomeration economies", Agglomeration Economies in Classical Music, Timelineofclothingandtextilestechnology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economies_of_agglomeration&oldid=1104087955, Wikipedia articles with style issues from January 2018, Articles lacking in-text citations from January 2018, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Bottlenecks in public goods (e.g. Psychology: The Briefer Course, was an 1892 abridgement designed as a less rigorous introduction to the field. JPMorgan Chase has reached a milestone five years in the making the bank says it is now routing all inquiries from third-party apps and services to access customer data through its secure application programming interface instead of allowing these services to collect data through screen scraping. It has templates for various use cases and finance is one of them. These more complex quality improvement processes include the following: PDSA is effective for helping organizations understand and test their processes. This would be both ethical and efficient, in that gains would be better aligned with deserts and rent-seeking would be curbed. Sullivan attributed the concept to Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, the Roman architect, engineer, and author, who first asserted in his book, De architectura (On architecture), that a structure must exhibit the three qualities of firmitas, utilitas, venustas that is, it must be "solid, useful, beautiful. ", Peirce, Charles S. 1878. Plan projects, automate workflows, and align teams. The reason why it is important that a mission statement and vision statement are not confused is because they both serve different purposes. From this, we also know that "new" truths must also correspond to already existent truths as well. The societal mutations from generation to generation are determined (directly or indirectly) mainly by the acts or examples of individuals whose genius was so adapted to the receptivities of the moment or whose accidental position of authority was so critical that they became ferments, initiators of movements, setters of precedent or fashion, centers of corruption, or destroyers of other persons, whose gifts, had they had free play, would have led society in another direction.[66]. However, the fewer firms there are and the more workers there are at a location the lower the wage becomes for those workers. Product. Like the last example, this one also includes three PDSA cycles. Nickel, Richard; Siskind, Aaron; Vinci, John; and Miller, Ward. "[45], James argues that the question of free will revolves around "chance." Your email address will not be published. James held a world view in line with pragmatism, declaring that the value of any truth was utterly dependent upon its use to the person who held it. London: Chambers Harrap, 2007. s.v. [48] In James's model of free will, choice is deterministic, determined by the person making it, and it "follows casually from one's character, values, and especially feelings and desires at the moment of decision. Spiritualism encompasses the term innatism, which suggests that ideas cause behavior. After evaluating sixty-nine reports of Piper's mediumship he considered the hypothesis of telepathy as well as Piper obtaining information about her sitters by natural means such as her memory recalling information. December 1, 2020 Examines the role leaders play in helping their employees find meaning and purpose in times of crisis, makes the clear business case for dynamic portfolio management, and offers advice for CEOs around three important, technology-fueled trends. Purely objective truth, truth in whose establishment the function of giving human satisfaction in marrying previous parts of experience with newer parts played no role whatsoever, is nowhere to be found. Learn more about writing SMART goals here. Explore modern project and portfolio management. Here are some of the most common mistakes people make when implementing QI and PDSA: The American College of Physicians (ACP) has created a comprehensive quality improvement program that includes PDSA information and training for healthcare providers. Streamline your construction project lifecycle. Most patients had time to complete the survey while they were waiting for the doctor. Align campaigns, creative operations, and more. It comes from our own past experiences, the observations of others, or:[45]. Sullivan's built work expresses the appeal of his incredible designs: the vertical bands on the Wainwright Building, the burst of welcoming Art Nouveau ironwork on the corner entrance of the Carson Pirie Scott store, the (lost) terra cotta griffins and porthole windows on the Union Trust building, and the white angels of the Bayard Building, Sullivan's only work in New York City. [15], James's time in Germany proved intellectually fertile, helping him find that his true interests lay not in medicine but in philosophy and psychology. James combined the views of spiritualism and associationism to create his own way of thinking. In his evaluation of the mission statement, he seemed to suggest that while the statement sounded interesting, most people would not be able to understand the message it is putting across. These issues can render the PDSA ineffective or even impair the process an organization is trying to improve. The pure ego's perception of consistent individual identity arises from a continuous stream of consciousness. Organizations normally do not change their mission statements over time, since they define their continuous, ongoing purpose and focus. While most of their theaters were in Chicago, their fame won commissions as far west as Pueblo, Colorado, and Seattle, Washington (unbuilt). In contrast, the weak side to pragmatism is that the best justification for a claim is whether it works. [76] It automatically updates your transactions, payment/revenue method selection, and bank account balance. This is the law. The template features an orange aesthetic theme for every page of the template. To the contrary, he supported an epistemological realism position. The most vocal voice was Richard Nickel, who organized protests against the demolition of architecturally significant buildings. critical edition, Frederick Burkhardt and Fredson Bowers, editors. This example of changes tested by PDSA cycles concerns motivating doctors to perform teach-back with patients. Localization economies arise from many firms in the same industry locate close to each other. Move faster, scale quickly, and improve efficiency. James's emphasis on diversity as the default human conditionover and against duality, especially Hegelian dialectical dualityhas maintained a strong influence in American culture. You get an overview tab that shows the total of both income and expense based on months and the balance you have for that particular month. He was encouraged to do this by reading Charles Renouvier, whose work convinced James to convert from monism to pluralism. In "What Pragmatism Means" (1906), James writes that the central point of his own doctrine of truth is, in brief:[32]. After continuously working, he was able to own the store himself. This human witness tries to get sight of the squirrel by moving rapidly round the tree, but no matter how fast he goes, the squirrel moves as fast in the opposite direction, and always keeps the tree between himself and the man, so that never a glimpse of him is caught. How Close Is Close? As he traveled west to find more job opportunities, he was involved in various jobs such as the salt industry and the Erie Canal project. We must determine how to assist people who may need help reading the survey. When he said that the whole meaning of a (clear) conception consists in the entire set of its practical consequences, he had in mind that a meaningful conception must have some sort of experiential "cash value," must somehow be capable of being related to some sort of collection of possible empirical observations under specifiable conditions. Still, PDSA can be especially helpful for certain types of processes or changes sometimes called promising changes. Those changes include the following: The PDSA Model for Improvement was developed by a quality improvement organization called Associates in Process Improvement. Sometimes, the last phase includes the implementation of a change; more often, it includes further modification of that change and then the repetition of another PDSA process. The intellectual brilliance of the James family milieu and the remarkable epistolary talents of several of its members have made [81] For James, achieving a high level of understanding of who we are at our core, or understanding our spiritual selves is more rewarding than satisfying the needs of the social and material selves. What he called his "soul-sickness" would only be resolved in 1872, after an extended period of philosophical searching. [9] For example: "Peoples Church is called to proclaim the Gospel of Christ and the beliefs of the evangelical Christian faith, to maintain the worship of God, and to inspire in all persons a love for Christ, a passion for righteousness, and a consciousness of their duties to God and their fellow human beings. Historic Americal Buildings Survey, MO-1637A, Wainwright Tomb. For use in the, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "An empirical investigation of the nature of hospital mission statements", "mission - Etymology, origin and meaning", "What is a mission statement? Antiquarian bookseller Gabriel Wells tutored under him at Harvard in the late 1890s. A belief was true, he said, if it worked for all of us, and guided us expeditiously through our semihospitable world. Determine the action steps for the test, along with the people responsible for each step. Why do we run away if we notice that we are in danger? He was soon convinced that Piper knew things she could only have discovered by supernatural means. [i], Pragmatism is a philosophical approach that seeks to both define truth and resolve metaphysical issues. The problem is to build it out and determine it so that it will combine satisfactorily with all the other working truths."[37]. Then he specifies our two factors as chance and choice. This way of thinking about emotion has great consequences for the philosophy of aesthetics as well as to the philosophy and practice of education. All Rights Reserved Smartsheet Inc. Completed in 1895, this office building in Buffalo, New York is in the Palazzo style, visibly divided into three "zones" of design: a plain, wide-windowed base for the ground-level shops; the main office block, with vertical ribbons of masonry rising unimpeded across nine upper floors to emphasize the building's height; and an ornamented cornice perforated by round windows at the roof level, where the building's mechanical units (such as the elevator motors) were housed. The City Museum in St. Louis has a large collection of Sullivan ornamentation on display, including a cornice from the demolished Chicago Stock Exchange, 29 feet long on one side, 13 feet on another, and nine feet high. [12] His forward-looking designs clearly anticipate some issues and solutions of Modernism; however, his embrace of ornament makes his contribution distinct from the Modern Movement that coalesced in the 1920s and became known as the "International Style". (256 total commissions and projects). What do we do? The mission statement should clearly outline the main purpose of the organisation, and what they do. In each case, the physiological responses return to the brain in the form of bodily sensations, and the unique pattern of sensory feedback gives each emotion its unique quality. [33], In The Meaning of Truth (1909), James seems to speak of truth in relativistic terms, in reference to critics of pragmatism: "The critic's trouble seems to come from his taking the word 'true' irrelatively, whereas the pragmatist always means 'true for him who experiences the workings. Among James's students at Harvard University were Boris Sidis, Theodore Roosevelt, George Santayana, W. E. B. James solves the issue by making a distinction between practical meaning. Even if the author is an amateur Notion user, this product is well-made and shows expertise in budgeting purposes. Smart Finance Tracker allows you to track your stocks, cryptocurrency, and investments directly into the Notion. Associates in Process Improvement was founded by William Edwards Deming, a pioneer of quality improvement processes who worked with the Japanese manufacturing industry after World War II. But to everyone, there can be no knowledge of the wine and bread of the Eucharist unless it is established that either wine and bread possesses certain properties or that anything that is interpreted as the blood and body of Christ is the blood and body of Christ. One of the major subfields of urban economics, economies of agglomeration (or agglomeration effects) describes, in broad terms, how urban agglomeration occurs in locations where cost savings can naturally arise. The mind, its experiences, and nature are inseparable. He was, by nature, a pragmatist and thus took the view that one should use whatever parts of theories make the most sense and can be proven. This access to specialized goods and services are known as intermediate inputs and provides increasing returns to scale for each of the firms located within that area because of the proximity to available sources needed for production. In 1880, James waded into this controversy with "Great Men, Great Thoughts, and the Environment", an essay published in the Atlantic Monthly. [21], The fictional Cameron is, like Sullivan whose physical description he matches a great innovative skyscraper pioneer late in the nineteenth century who dies impoverished and embittered in the mid-1920s. The PDSA cycle is often part of a larger quality improvement program. James believed that people had as many social selves as they did social situations they participated in. PDSA is a basic quality improvement process that allows an organization to test and analyze a change on a small scale to determine whether it is improving a process or making it more efficient. This Friday, were taking a look at Microsoft and Sonys increasingly bitter feud over Call of Duty and whether U.K. regulators are leaning toward torpedoing the Activision Blizzard deal. It will not save time if you skip the formal project charter step, he says. James says that in the sequence of the model, chance comes before choice. This template helps track your expenses, automate monthly reports, and work towards financial independence. According to an independent contributor to Forbes, the following questions must be answered in the mission statement:[12], When designing a mission statement, it should be very clear to the audience what the purpose of it is. [23][24] In the novel, however, the 23-year-old Roark, a generation younger than the real-life Wright, becomes Cameron's protg in the early 1920s, when Sullivan was long in decline. Du Bois, G. Stanley Hall, Ralph Barton Perry, Gertrude Stein, Horace Kallen, Morris Raphael Cohen, Walter Lippmann, Alain Locke, C. I. Lewis, and Mary Whiton Calkins. By both temperament and connections, Adler had been the one who brought in new business to the partnership, and following the rupture Sullivan received few large commissions after the Carson Pirie Scott Department Store. New forms of technology can create problems and involve risk; the clustering of firms creates an advantage to reduce the amount of uncertainty and complications involved with the use of new technology through information flow. James's work has influenced philosophers and academics such as mile Durkheim, W.E.B. This is because an unrealistic mission statement would reduce the likelihood of employees being able to meet this standard which could demotivate employees in the long term. [59] These instincts, he said, could be overridden by experience and by each other, as many of the instincts were actually in conflict with each other. Publish, print, and sell your books globally with our Print-On-Demand network while eliminating the risk and hassle of inventory and fulfillment. It all began in 1884 when William James published an article titled "What Is an Emotion?"[64]. See Freemans video on the history of PDSA here. President Jimmy Carter's Moral Equivalent of War Speech, on April 17, 1977, equating the United States' 1970s energy crisis, oil crisis and the changes and sacrifices Carter's proposed plans would require with the "moral equivalent of war," may have borrowed its title, much of its theme and the memorable phrase from James's classic essay "The Moral Equivalent of War" derived from his last speech, delivered at Stanford University in 1906, and published in 1910, in which "James considered one of the classic problems of politics: how to sustain political unity and civic virtue in the absence of war or a credible threat" and which "sounds a rallying cry for service in the interests of the individual and the nation."[26][27][28][29]. For James, the spiritual self was who we are at our core. News, analysis and comment from the Financial Times, the worlds leading global business publication [citation needed], He took up medical studies at Harvard Medical School in 1864 (according to his brother Henry James, the author). Root was one of the builders of the Monadnock Building (see above). How will we know that change is an improvement? For James, the core of the material self was the body. Purpose. Whether James means the greatest number of positive consequences (in light of utilitarianism), a consequence that considers other perspectives (like his compromise of the tender and tough ways of thinking),[44] On the other hand, a spiritualist believes that mental events are attributed to the soul. You can also use it to help you answer significant questions as you move through the PDSA cycle. Cattell in a letter to James wrote that the "Society for Psychical Research is doing much to injure psychology". Learn how the Smartsheet platform for dynamic work offers a robust set of capabilities to empower everyone to manage projects, automate workflows, and rapidly build solutions at scale. [1] Most often discussed in terms of economic firm productivity, agglomeration effects can also explain the phenomenon where large proportions of the population are clustered in cities and major urban centres. The economies of agglomeration has also been shown to increase inequality both within urban areas, and between urban and rural areas. He referred to associationism as "psychology without a soul"[69] In 1882 he joined the Theosophical Society. Piper. 1-800-226-6673 ext 6602. A year later, Sullivan became a partner in Adler's firm. Or a table. The book features all 256 commissions of Adler and Sullivan. In order for production to be at its maximum and sell their products, firms require some sort of feasible access to capital markets. Because we are afraid of what will happen if we don't. Nickel had compiled extensive research on Adler and Sullivan and their many architectural commissions, which he intended to publish in book form. The role of an individual will depend on the degree of its conformity with the social environment, epoch, moment, etc. Yet James never "[works] out his understanding of 'practical consequences' as fully as Peirce did," nor does he limit these consequences to the senses like Peirce. Notion [56] Antony Lysy, "William James, Theosophist", James, William. This notion of alternative possibility, this admission that any one of several things may come to pass is, after all, only a roundabout name for chance. The 'facts' themselves meanwhile are not true. [61][62], From Joseph LeDoux's description of William James's Emotion:[63]. You can use this template to assess important PDSA questions that you want to askin order to improve a business process. The intellectual brilliance of the James family milieu and the remarkable epistolary talents of several of its members have made them a subject of continuing interest to historians, biographers, and critics. We will encourage them to complete the survey at home and will provide them with a stamped envelope to return the survey. Cross-perspectives on William James's Varieties of Religious Experience, The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America, Whitehead's Pancreativism. His studies were interrupted once again due to illness in April 1867. "[15][failed verification], Summary of an organization's values, philosophies or goals, "Statement of purpose" redirects here. Even when competing firms in the same sector cluster, there may be advantages because the cluster attracts more suppliers and customers than a single firm could achieve alone. Because of their central role in the healthcare system, they are especially able to recommend and help test changes that might improve treatment. However, in a more realistic sense cities are more complex than that, which is the reason for the combination of localization and urbanization economies to form large cities. Both argued that one must always adhere to fallibilism, recognizing of all human knowledge that "None of our beliefs are quite true; all have at least a penumbra of vagueness and error," and that the only means of progressing ever-closer to the truth is to never assume certainty, but always examine all sides and try to reach a conclusion objectively. Thus, things like the body, family, clothes, money, and such make up the material self. Or a table. [48] According to James, emotions feel different from other states of mind because they have these bodily responses that give rise to internal sensations, and different emotions feel different from one another because they are accompanied by different bodily responses and sensations. Because Sullivan's remarkable accomplishments in design and construction occurred at such a critical time in architectural history, he often has been described as the "father" of the American skyscraper. These nurses generally do not deliver direct clinical care, but focus exclusively on observing and determining how to improve healthcare and nursing care within an organization. In addition, the template works in both light and dark modes. The desk attendant will encourage patients to complete the survey and place it in the box on the desk. We must find a way to get patients to complete the survey when they have time. From the localization of firms emerges labor market pooling. Terra cotta is lighter and easier to work with than stone masonry. Belief in anything involves conceiving of how it is real, but disbelief is the result when we dismiss something because it contradicts another thing we think of as real. Build easy-to-navigate business apps in minutes. This association occurs on an atomic level. "Form follows function" would become one of the prevailing tenets of modern architects. Decide on any lessons learned regarding how you implemented or how you could improve the change. We pledge our lives to Christ and covenant with each other to demonstrate His Spirit through worship, witnessing, and ministry to the needs of the people of this church and the community.". Spiritualism, however, does not demonstrate actual physical representations for how associations occur. Here are some of the findings of that research: A 2017 article entitled Applying the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Approach to a Large Pragmatic Study Involving Safety Net Clinics, in the journal BMC Health Services Research, analyzed how PDSA worked in an effort to improve a study that was testing the effectiveness of a cancer screening program. He conceived of an emotion in terms of a sequence of events that starts with the occurrence of an arousing stimulus (the sympathetic nervous system or the parasympathetic nervous system); and ends with a passionate feeling, a conscious emotional experience. [23], William James was the son of Henry James (Senior) of Albany, and Mary Robertson Walsh. They play a part in helping the business make better decisions which can be beneficial to them. The Spatial Reach of Agglomeration Economies. Make predictions about what will happen with proposed changes and why. He linked this part of the self to the soul of a person, or what is now thought of as the mind. Sullivan was born to a Swiss-born mother, ne Andrienne List (who had emigrated to Boston from Geneva with her parents and two siblings, Jenny, b. Fragments of Sullivan buildings also are held in many fine art and design museums around the world. The exhibit space was financed by Hodgson Russ, LLP, and co-designed by Flynn Battaglia Architects and Hadley Exhibits. If theological ideas prove to have a value for concrete life, they will be true, for pragmatism, in the sense of being good for so much. The lending of his name made Leonora Piper a famous medium. Streamline requests, process ticketing, and more. Some scholars see the slave trade's impact on the male-to-female sex ratio as a key factor in the emergence and fortification of polygynous practices in regions of Africa.. Polygyny is most common in a region known as the "polygamy belt" in West Africa and Central Africa, with the countries estimated to The second contribution towards localization economies is the access to specialized goods and services provided for the clustering firms. The word "some" in this definition is crucial in James's argument because it leaves room for a higher power, as it does not require that all events be random. It was premised on the fact that emotions are often accompanied by bodily responses (racing heart, tight stomach, sweaty palms, tense muscles, and so on; sympathetic nervous system) and that we can sense what is going on inside our body much the same as we can sense what is going on in the outside world. The essence of James's proposal was simple. [82] He was subject to a variety of psychological symptoms which were diagnosed at the time as neurasthenia, and which included periods of depression during which he contemplated suicide for months on end. The patients did not want to complete the survey once the doctor was finished. [8] James called compatibilism a "quagmire of evasion,"[52]:149 just as the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and David Humethat free will was simply freedom from external coercionwere called a "wretched subterfuge" by Immanuel Kant. An example of this is "James says the problem is a very 'personal' one and that he cannot personally conceive of the universe as a place where murder must happen. Additional tenets of James's pragmatism include the view that the world is a mosaic of diverse experiences that can only be properly interpreted and understood through an application of 'radical empiricism.' [12] As stated above, these factors are what decrease the pricing power of firms because of the many competitors in the area as well as a shortage of labor and lack of flexibility among firms to the laborers abound. His efforts were successful in both St. Louis and Buffalo. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This template is a professional and well-described finance tracker. poor/overburdened infrastructure), Brueckner, Jan. "Lectures in Urban Economics." [5], According to Chris Bart, professor of strategy and governance at McMaster University,[6] a commercial mission statement consists of three essential components:[7][failed verification], Bart estimates that in practice, only about ten percent of mission statements say something meaningful. I finished the first part of Renouvier's second Essais and see no reason why his definition of free will"the sustaining of a thought because I choose to when I might have other thoughts"need be the definition of an illusion. This was criticized by advocates of skepticism rationality, like Bertrand Russell in Free Thought and Official Propaganda and Alfred Henry Lloyd with The Will to Doubt. Chance, on the other hand, is indeterministic, and pertains to possibilities that could happen but are not guaranteed. Following his January 1907 retirement from Harvard, James continued to write and lecture, publishing Pragmatism, A Pluralistic Universe, and The Meaning of Truth. Try Smartsheet for free, today. A lot of thought and time can be spent in designing a good mission statement, and to have all of that time wasted is not what businesses can afford. He had four siblings: Henry (the novelist), Garth Wilkinson, Robertson, and Alice. When an organization executes a PDSA cycle (or repeated PDSA cycles) properly, the exercise can be remarkably effective at helping an organization determine the best changes to make in order to improve a process. Another signature element of Sullivan's work is the massive, semi-circular arch. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Buss, David M. 2008. You can have an overview card that tells you how many active subscriptions you have and what is monthly and yearly costs of them. President Jimmy Carter's Moral Equivalent of War Speech, Krey, Peter (2004), "The Ethics of Belief: William Clifford versus William", "Unit One: The Definition and History of Psychology", "The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century", Center for the Study of Language and Information, "Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS)", New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Putnam Camp", "A History of and Guide to Uniform Editions of Mark Twain's Works", "Psychical research and the origins of American psychology", "The 100 Most Eminent Psychologists of the 20th Century", William James' The Moral Equivalent of War Introduction by John Roland, William James' The Moral Equivalent of War 1906, The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy, "William James" Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Article, The Role of an Individual in History: A Reconsideration, Great Men, Great Thoughts and the Environment, "Classics in the History of Psychology (archived copy)", Fringes of Religious Experience. 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