They work by adding context (additional or surrounding information) to a fact to help you to recall it. Join today and your membership will help ensure that this site can continue to serve geoscience educators. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. They sign up for weekly lessons with a teacher and start improving straight off the bat. . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2022 EducationCorner.com. Quick charts and questionnaires to help people focus on their developments such as KWL charts. We call this sort of reflection reflection in action (as opposed to reflection on action). There are two kinds ofmetacognition: overt and covert. As well as the tools required to complete the task we can (and should) also teach the management of the task and which strategies are most effective in which situations. For example, if you can explain what your strengths are in academic writing, or exam taking, or other types of academic tasks, then you are metacognitively aware. According to Flavell, metacognition is related to one's own understanding of his cognitive processes (or his thinking). Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. The aim of this research is to examine the effects of worksheets enriched with concept cartoons used in the teaching of Science Teaching Laboratory Applications-II course on the academic success and metacognition skill levels of science prospective teachers. One way to employ metacognitive teaching in this situation is to ask students to assess how well prepared they feel prior to the exam, an example of the kinds of questions they anticipate being on the exam, and a detailed list of how they are preparing for the exam. When people self-evaluate, theyre more likely to learn about ways they can be more effective. Use your syllabus as a roadmap. Apply strategies. Apply today! Some examples of teaching metacognitive strategies include having students explain the steps involved to solve a math problem, journaling and reflection activities, and peer review that allows for . Read Also: What is Flavells Metacognitive Theory? . Try talking about moral dilemmas, racism, wealth, poverty, and justice. Metacognitioncan be used to evaluate reasoning skills, learning capabilities and memory. So thedefinition of metacognitionis all about ones thoughts and feelings about acquiring new knowledge. Now ask them to justify alone or in groups how they arrived at their answer. In other words, metacognition consists of both being aware of one's own . Students carry into class pre-conceptions based on stories they've heard, articles they've read and experiences they've had. The awareness of what youre thinking is a self-management skill. Mnemonic aids are strategies you can use to improve your information retention. But weaker students often dont have this metacognitive recognitionwhich leads to disappointment and can discourage them from trying harder the next time. Metacognition skillsalso make it easier for people to learn new informationfrom a foreign language to a sportand can help them remember what theyve learned. As a colleague of mine recently put it to a group of assembled teachers: How did you choose which way to get here method, route etc? Worked examples and problem pairs are just a couple of examples of how modelling and articulating the process of using knowledge helps students better understand how to apply the range of metacognitive strategies. What is metacognitive in learning? Additional Questions. Meta means beyond and Cognition means thinking. Focussed, evidence-informed professional learning opportunities that are iterative and delivered by those with the appropriate knowledge, supported by frameworks and discussion models that help coach and develop staff delivery. This approach can be illustrated by assigning the class to read a short section of their textbook or an article. A Key Strategy in Education and Parenting: As an educator and mother, one of the most important and first skills I teach kids is metacognition. Here are someexamples of metacognition: An adult is learning to play the piano for the first time. After the exam and before the grades are recorded the students can be asked how well they think they did and where they had the greatest difficulty. For example, you might ask students to imagine themselves as a superhero, and then describe (in words or in a drawing): . We can give them a range of well-taught and modelled study strategies that they can choose from when revising, for example; flashcards, MCQs, elaboration, self-quizzing and concept maps. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do Metacognitive teaching can be implemented in a wide variety of methods. Metacognition helps students recognize the gap between being familiar with a topic and understanding it deeply. Before setting off on anything classroom-based that you call a metacognitive strategy you must have a basic grasp of the ways students develop their own metacognitive skills as a learner, and you must model these in your own practice. metacognition, and research shows metacognition is crucial for efficient, deep learning. It is also central to reflective teaching, through which educators continually learn from their teaching experiences and . Each of these examples is capsulated into a self-contained wrapper. 3. Your email address will not be published. How do you explain metacognition to students? We can usemetacognitioneffectively in any situation where we want to improve our thinking power, such as during scholarly research or math problems. This process involves multiple steps and considerations, including understanding maps, travel time and routes, expenses, and a host . Metacognitive knowledge is the knowledge of yourself as a learner how you learn best; the strategies you have at your disposal; the tasks you have to complete and how you complete them. Flavell (1979) states that metacognition is the ability to control one's thinking processes in several strategies i.e. The following meta cognitive strategies are used regularly as teaching strategies to help people learn better. Like all skills,metacognition psychologycan be developed with time, effort and practice. This simple question can be asked after a reading, a lecture, a lab or other unit of student activity. This is because they understand the methods they need to use to educate themselves and overcome potential learning barriers. https://helpfulprofessor.com/metacognitive-strategies/. Having this skill is essential for improving your own productivity and effectiveness at school or work. Ut enim ad minim. Turning your body to directly face the speaker. Did the activity change their opinion? followed by a set of questions challenging the student to extend what they read to another situation. Metacognition is the process by which learners use knowledge of the task at hand, knowledge of learning strategies, and knowledge of themselves to plan their learning, monitor their progress towards a learning goal, and then evaluate the outcome. The point is to ask the student to consider what they've been exposed to and reflect on what they've learned. As students realize their preconception was wrong it is valuable to point out that they probably have other preconceptions that are wrong, too, and that there are methods for testing whether a concept is correct. Its self-knowledge; the knowledge of your own mind and its processes. Join NAGT today. What Does Research Tell us About Professional Development in Education? They involve using rhymes, patterns, and associations to remember. Examples of metacognitive activities include planning how to approach a learning task, using appropriate skills and strategies to solve a problem, monitoring one's own comprehension of . These questions also assist people in thinking . We can use this awareness to improve cognition and learn better in school, business, relationships or anything else you have going on in your life. Lin (2001) suggests that metacognition is the ability to "understand and monitor one's own thoughts and the assumptions and implications of one's activities." Or, as Rickey and Stacy (2000) puts it, metacognition involves "thinking about one's thinking." Generally, learning scientists agree that metacognition is a . Does this relate to other situations or prior knowledge. Backwards Fading and Progressive Modelling, 7 Examples of Metacognitive Questions Students Should ask Themselves, Metacognition in CPD (Continuing Professional Development), understanding of the most effective strategies, The Developmental Psychology of Jean Piaget, Metacognitive Learning; Advancing Learning by Developing General Knowledge of the Learning Process, Perkins four levels of Metacognitive Learner (1992), A Complete Guide to Schema Theory and its Role in Education. As with all CPD, be aware of the needs of those in the room and their own skills. What is Retrieval Practice and Why is it so Powerful? Metacognition is the process of "thinking about thinking," or reflecting on personal habits, knowledge, and approaches to learning. Metacognition also involves knowing yourself as a learner; that is, knowing your strengths and weaknesses as a learner. If we adopt Rosenshines suggestions around introducing new material in small steps we ensure that we do not overload student working memory and we, therefore, do not hinder performance. These materials feature urban environmental, engineering, and forensic questions that can be answered using near-surface geophysics. All articles are edited by a PhD level academic. People gain more from visualization and it makes them better learners. Meditation involves clearing your mind. If you are aware of how you learn (i.e. Graphic organizers, also sometimes called cognitive tools, help us to consciously improve our thinking processes. Comment below and let me know. The EEF Guidance Report tells us that evidence and research suggest 7 months+ of progress when used well and that there is a lot of potential, particularly for disadvantaged students. We sometimes call this unconscious competence, which is the fourth stage of learning in the learner competence model. Metacognitionin educationis commonly applied as a learning strategy. You have to talk through what your brain is doing, making those thinking processes explicit. Metacognition is one of the aspects students need in order to become self-regulated learners; it is important to remember that developing the former does not automatically create the latter. When we think about how we use each of these, its metacognition. Resources that are streamlined, efficient and uncomplicated; ones that show an understanding of cognitive load and student working memory. Metacognition is the process of reflection and development of consciousness about one's thoughts and learning processes. They assist us in: The ideal graphic organizer will allow us to spill our thinking out onto a sheet or screen and shuffle and sort our thoughts to help us organize our minds better. It involves various strategies whose effectiveness may differ for each learner. Essentially, Metacognition is the ability we have to use our existing knowledge to plan strategies for approaching tasks, take necessary steps to problem solve, reflect on and evaluate results, and modify our approaches as required. Apply strategies. For example, Research shows metacognition (sometimes referred to as self-regulation), What is metacognition example? Applications are now open for Teaching Computation Online with MATLAB virtual workshops. While they can be implemented effectively using in-class technology such as LectureTools they can just as easily be implemented using traditional classroom techniques. As a result, theyre better equipped to learn new skills and improve their performance under adverse conditions. Now that weve answered what is metacognition?, we can understand its true power. Having a metacognition psychology or mindset equips people with the tools to understand and express themselves more effectively. These are higher-level functions of the brain and encompass language, imagination, perception, and planning.How do we apply cognitive and metacognitive factors in teaching? Theyll learn to coach, inspire and ignite curiosity that lasts a lifetime with educational frameworks, technology and practical guides for the classroom. the way your brain processes information!) A regulation checklist can either be task-based or generalized. By the end of this article, you may feel that you are the converted and you have been preached at; hopefully, no conversion is necessary if we all want to be effective teachers! . Why is metacognition important in daily life? Metacognitive strategies empower students to think about their own thinking. How do they know what they know? ' ', ' ', ' ', (higher-order thinking skills). Teaching with metacognition enables teachers to gain awareness about and control over how they think and teach by planning, monitoring, evaluating, and adjusting their instructional goals and teaching strategies in accordance with their students needs and the sociocultural context. Why is it important to make use of your metacognitive skills? What is Metacognition? Plan the approach. Explore Harappa Diaries to learn more about topics such asMeaning Of Outcome-Based Learning, TheBest Career OptionsTo Choose From, The Three Domains OfBlooms Taxonomyand The Importance OfLearner-Centered Approachthat will help organizations and institutions tap into people's potential. Metacognition is the process of thinking about ones own thinking. Each of the examples below uses these general steps, though the exact details vary. They revise the concepts and decide they need to review them further to make them stick, A writer is tackling a novel for the first time. Copyright 2022 Helpful Professor. When people think about their thoughts around a subject theyre trying to learn, it helps them understand it better and remember it longer. 123 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10160. When students practice metacognition, the act of thinking about their thinking helps them make greater sense of their life experiences and start achieving at higher levels. 15 Learning Theories in Education (A Complete Summary), The Complete Guide to Educational Literacy, 12 Strategies to Motivate Your Child to Learn, College Degrees Guide: List of College Degrees, The Complete Introduction to Mentoring and Coaching Teachers. Most reflective cycles have at least the following phases: Once you become skilled at reflection, you may also reflect while doing a task so that you can make adjustments to your thinking processes as you go. When we apply metacognitive strategies, we become better learners. Most importantly, we would not be able to improve because we never took the time to ask ourselves important questions like: Good students question their actions both while theyre completing the task and after finishing it (see also: reflection). virtual field trips, online tools) with other earth educators? Self-questioning prompts to remind students to question their choices. Promoting student metacognition. To wrap-up the activity, ask students to write a short statement indicating how they will maintain or change their behavior based on the survey data they generated. Teach the Earth the portal for Earth Education, From NAGT's On the Cutting Edge Collection, See the complete collection of activities for teaching metacognition, By Perry Samson The literature on expertise highlights the importance of metacognitive skills. Some common cognitive processes people use when working include: The use of logic, reason and judgment to solve problems, Creating mental images of how things will look and feel, The analytical power to come up with new ideas or solutions to problems, Using mental criteria to consider potential solutions and make decisions about which one will work best, Combining separate elements into a new whole. How do you apply metacognition in your daily life? The decision-making part requires some conscious thought, but the act of changing ones mindset is unconscious. Of course, having asked these questions, it behooves us to check their self-assessment through a quiz or second activity. We can try getting students to reflect and evaluate their own learning experiences more with simple prompts: -What concepts from todays class did you find difficult to understand? All the advice on this site is general in nature. As such, it would be the teacher's responsibility to acquaint their students with these different strategies so that students may be able to determine those that are . These examples are metacognitive because they require students to intentionally think about and make choices about . As an educator charged with teaching so much content it is easy to neglect to teach students effective learning strategies that will help ensure when they want to learn something on their own, they will . Whatever the skill in question, by understanding the true meaning of metacognition, we can work smarter without necessarily having to work harder. Without self-questioning, we may lack humility and awareness of our own faults. So, metacognitive strategies involve reflecting on and regulating how you think. Why is metacognitive important to students? As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Of course, they can also be used in smaller classes. All papers examples. Is this the best way to carry out this task? Where are makes up the nucleus of an atom? Metacognitive teaching can be implemented in a wide variety of methods. All rights reserved. Initially studied for its development in young . Lev Vygotsky (a central figure in the sociocultural theory of education) argues beginner learners tend to think aloud before learning to think inside their heads. As mentioned earlier, institutions themselves need to recognise the potential of appropriately designed interventions to support metacognition. Problem: The student will be able to add and subtract fluently within 10. An Example of Metacognition in Action. After trying and failing to feel their way through it, they decide to take a break to learn more about story structure. Thinking deeply about how we learn is part of the job for every educator who strives to go above and beyond. I also use the concept myself every day. Teaching Skills that Matter Other Tools and Resources; Technology-Based Coaching in Adult Education; Technical Assistance and Professional Development; . All of this, in turn, encourages the "instructor" to reflect upon his or her own thinking processes. 'Meta' is a second level of meaning that often relates to the self. By working on the following aspects ofmetacognitive learning, you improve your ability to learn and operate at a high level: Its easier to determine what youre thinking and how it affects your learning if you can consciously analyze your own thinking processes. Cite this Article in your Essay (APA Style), Privacy PolicyTerms and ConditionsDisclaimerAccessibility StatementVideo Transcripts. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. Evaluate strengths and weaknesses. Sincemetacognitionhelps people understand their thought processes and use them effectively, its essential in developing soft skills and hard skills. Material on this page is offered under a Its hard work and theyre struggling at the same point repeatedly. This is an excellent time to discuss how learning is aided through self-regulated assessment and adaptation. Assess the task. Address Your email address will not be published. We can also support students with their resource management. 'Cognition' is all the mental processes involved in any act or process of acquiring knowledge, including perception, memory, attention, language, thinking, problem-solving and decision-making. Cognitive processes include intellectual, social and emotional activity that allows us to learn and encode information, recognize patterns in our knowledge, acquire information from others, assimilate it into systems to appropriately solve problems and make decisions. Once they have answered these questions, presumably prior to the day they will take the exam, the instructor may use the opportunity to pull out a few examples to present (without the author's name) and discuss. One method is to ask students to individually read a short passage, note two to three strategies they used when reading, and compare their strategies with a . It is usually a cyclical process where we reflect, think of ways to improve, try again then go back to reflection. Metacognition skills differ from regular cognition because the individual is aware of their own mental processes. By being aware of their own mental processes, people can use this awareness to make their own lives better. However, we can group together a range of approaches and opportunities that relate well to encouraging students to develop their metacognitive awareness. What support do they need? It requires some level of analysis by the thinker. They will be available on Teach The Earth. An example of metacognition in action is the planning of a trip. The goal is to transfer ideas from a familiar concept (the analogue) to an unfamiliar one (the target) by mapping their relationship. Glynn et al. For example, if you can explain what your strengths are in academic writing, or exam taking, or other types of academic tasks, then you are metacognitively aware. Why should teachers help learners develop their metacognitive thinking? Further, metacognitive skills help people learn information quickly and retain information for their educational or professional development. Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. This is the seven-step model for explicitly teaching metacognitive strategies as recommended by the EEF report . In todays schools, most students are taught how to summarize, take notes, and read for understanding, though mostly without specically being taught how to gure out by themselves when and why these learning techniques can be most effective. Why is metacognition so important for learning and memory? Learning or thinking journals . Lets look at how metacognitive thinking can be developed. When an instructor uses phrases such as "similarly," "likewise," "in the same way as," "in comparison to," and "just like," they are generally using analogies to help students grasp a concept. This cannot and should not be done too quickly! First, a metacognitive question is asked that challenges the student to predict their learning outcome. Metacognition also involves knowing yourself as a learner; that is, knowing your strengths and weaknesses as a learner. When people usemetacognitive learningeffectively, acquiring information becomes more manageable and enjoyable. Reminders to pause and reflect-in-practice at regular intervals. Metacognition as a concept is nothing new, the term itself was first coined in the 1970s by John Flavell. Reciprocal (peer) teaching requires the peer "instructor" to use a whole series of metacognitive processes such as determining what the learner already knows; deciding what is to be taught/learned and how; monitoring comprehension and evaluating the outcome in terms of increased comprehension. Metacognition is a process that learners can use to facilitate learning, especially on their own. reminding yourself that you should try to remember the name of a person you just met. that will help organizations and institutions tap into people's potential. Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan. Let's break it down. The metacognition cycle guides students to improve the way they learn; 1. 4. Having had their knowledge tested, we can ask a second string of questions to see if they want to change their answer to "what do you know now." Meta is a second level of meaning that often relates to the self. . Encouraging students to use them effectively, thoughtfully and productively; this latter phrase encapsulates the metacognitive approach nicely. The end goal as a teacher is to fade ourselves and the resources away at an appropriate speed until students reach the level of performance that allows for proper independence. In an excellent article in the most recent copy of Impact Magazine for the CCT James Mannion defines it as monitoring and controlling your thought processes. Through metacognition skills, theyre able to assess the gap in their own knowledge and fill it. When you become an expert at a topic you tend not to think about your thinking. The best teachers need a working knowledge and understanding of the most effective strategies in order to maximise the efficiency of their classrooms and the quality of the teaching and learning interactions therein. The instructor could ask, "What do you know now that you didn't before you read the selection?" Metacognition is knowledge and beliefs about one's own cognitive processes, as well as efforts to regulate those cognitive processes to maximize learning and memory ( McDevitt & Ormrod, 2013) . We need to distil the complexity of metacognition into steps that students and teachers can understand; as novice learners, we are initially poor in making judgements about our own learning, and as with anything our expertise increases over time and through experience. . While applications of metacognition in the context of learning enjoy a long history, psychologists William James, Jean Piaget, and Lev Vygotsky theorized the role of metacognition for modern education (Fox and Risconscente, 2008). Metacognition is just one concept experienced faculty will learn as part of Harappas Inspiring Faculty Program, which helps them transition from traditional teaching methods to more modern ones. We cite peer reviewed academic articles wherever possible and reference our sources at the end of our articles. 2. Lastly, the student is presented with a follow-up metacognitive question that can be augmented by a discussion about the metacognitive process. Metacognition is, put simply, thinking about one's thinking. Metacognition is key to empowering life-long learning but according to Annie Murphy Paul, author of "The Brilliant Blog", researchers are finding students often don't know how they learn. Metacognition, or thinking about one's thinking, is key to facilitating lasting learning experiences and developing lifelong learners. Hence the muggy air is lighter (a fact that plays an important role in formation of "dry lines" that trigger tornadoes). Theyre using books and video tutorials but arent making much progress. What is the SI unit of acceleration Class 9? Effective teaching is the best way to improve outcomes, especially for disadvantaged students. Having classroom discussions about these topics encourages students to consider what they're unconsciously thinking. They accomplish this by gaining a level of awareness thats above the subject matter. Research shows metacognition (sometimes referred to as self-regulation) increases student motivation because students feel more in control of their own learning. This intellectual self-reflection can apply to any task, including reading comprehension, writing and solving math problems. For students, having metacognitive skills means that they are able to recognise their own cognitive abilities, direct their own learning, evaluate their performance, understand what caused their successes or failures, and learn new strategies. These processes include thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and problem-solving. Metacognition pertains to a student's ability to self-critique their approach to a task and adapt their thinking to improve their understanding. Seekprofessional input on your specific circumstances. For example, the participants in the 2008 On the Cutting Edge workshop on Metacognition developed a series of metacognitive teaching activities illustrating a variety of techniques and audiences. Compared to other animals, humans are aware of their inner thoughts and feelings. This teacher is ensuring you are employing the right thinking processes and can show others how you went about thinking about the task. You plan the next task, with a focus on improving on your weaknesses. This awareness of the learning process enhances their control over their own learning. For example, a person who has been trying to learn a new skill is more likely to notice when theyre not absorbing the material and change that behavior. For example, you may feel you are better at learning through images than reading. What are your thoughts on metacognition in education? Teaching through the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted disparities in how students approach their learning. Teaching metacognitive strategies to students improves their higher-order thinking and increases their ability to make maximum progress. Go to the activity sheet for Using Analogies. Metacognition is awareness and control of thinking for learning. A lot of strategies that are now huddled under the umbrella of Metacognition and Self-Regulation are the same strategies many effective teachers have been employing, possibly in different guises or without conscious awareness in their classrooms for many years. Engaging in metacognition allows learners to recognize gaps in their knowledge or difficulty in acquiring new information . There are many models of reflection with varying steps. The following study investigates the different associations between two emotion . You come up with things you did well and areas for improvement. Please submit them through the Teaching with Augmented and Virtual Reality website. Required fields are marked *, This Article was Last Expert Reviewed on October 23, 2022 by Chris Drew, PhD. Metacognition, sometimes described as "thinking about your own thinking," refers to knowledge about one's own thoughts and cognitive processes as well as the cognitive regulation involved in directing one's learning. Preparing some tools that will help you keep your thinking on track, such as preparing graphic organizers. Cognition is all the mental processes involved in any act or process of acquiring knowledge, including perception, memory, attention, language, thinking, problem-solving and decision-making. Some everyday examples of metacognition include: How can I use metacognition to improve learning? As the student gains competency the teacher will gradually fade the use of the card. When we plan ahead, we often have to think about how well go about a task. Covertmetacognitionis an internal dialogue about one's own cognitive processes. They have the story in place but dont have any idea how to construct a plot. By learning what kind of learner you are, you can come up with ways to teach yourself better. This makes the development of general knowledge of the learning process essential for lifelong learning.. Dont fall into the trap of designing generic or explicit metacognition lessons or Study Skills sequences. Embed the concepts more deeply in your subject-specific practice and focus on wanting the students to be more effective independent learners, reflecting on their approaches and regulating their behavior appropriately to ensure maximum success and optimised outcomes. In 1963, Flavell was the first to publish in English a study on the research and work of Piaget (The Developmental Psychology of Jean Piaget), from this, the science of cognitive development was born. In the midst of this debate provide the basic data of the atomic weights of hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen and ask them to use that information in their response. List the thought processes required to succeed in the task. How can global warming lead to an ice age? Meditation is known to be one of the most effective metacognitive strategies to help keep a person's mind clear. The sample of the study, science prospective teachers studying at the 3rd grade . When done well and used appropriately retrieval practices help activate prior knowledge, ascertain prior knowledge and also give students practice at using previously learnt material effectively. Teachers should be guided in how best to embed these strategies into their classroom environments and day-to-day teaching and learning interactions. Some people use thinking journals, which involve journaling their thoughts as they happen. How can they test whether their 'knowledge' is correct? About The Helpful Professor The approach needs to be outward-facing and collegiate, with staff collaborating on the delivery of strategy as well as assessing its impact, perhaps in small focussed Learning Groups. Are you interested in learning how to incorporate natural history collections data into a course-based undergraduate research project? Mental imagery can be enhanced throughmetacognition. It typically occurs when someone is thinking about how to do something better. Without obtaining a thorough understanding of the reasons behind the effectiveness of learning techniques, in that general knowledge of the learning process is being developed, learning can be hindered and become unnecessarily difcult, particularly, where new and unfamiliar learning tasks are concerned. Students who learn metacognitive strategies are more aware of their own thinking and more likely to be active learners who learn more deeply. When used well is key, as is potential; we need to ensure that strategies and interventions designed to promote metacognitive awareness in students are supported by professional development for teachers. Creative Commons license unless otherwise noted below. Go to the activity sheet for What Do You Know Now? Its powerful knowledge, too, as its what determines how we make our lives better and more productive. Metacognition includes a critical awareness of a) one's thinking and learning and b) oneself as a thinker and learner. Training in emotion management is a way to teach people how to use their own thoughts and feelings to achieve their goals. Metacognitive strategies help us plan, monitor, and evaluate our learning. The term metacognition has been used to describe our own understanding of how we perceive, remember, think, and act, that is, what we know about what we know. (1995) suggests "mapping" shared attributes between the analogue and target. Its self-knowledge; the knowledge of your own mind and its. Wrap that content question with a metacognitive question that asks them to state on what they base their response. We can unleash ourmetacognition psychologyto show us just how much mental power we possess. What Is the Research Behind Metacognition? 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