Nash. [193] Hoover appointed more African Americans to federal positions than Harding and Coolidge combined, but many African-American leaders condemned various aspects of the Hoover administration, including Hoover's unwillingness to push for a federal anti-lynching law. Dame du Haut-Quartier croit prendre pour le Ciel place rserve. Henry Alfred Kissinger KCMG (/ k s n d r /; German: [ks]; born Heinz Alfred Kissinger, May 27, 1923) is a German-born American politician, diplomat, and geopolitical consultant who served as United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. ", "Preface to the Second Edition: The history of the Oxford English Dictionary: A Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary, 19571986", "Focusing on the OED's missing words is missing the point", "Dictionary Dust-Up (Danchi Is Involved)", "Former OED editor covertly deleted thousands of words, book claims", "Preface to the Second Edition: The history of the Oxford English Dictionary: The New Oxford English Dictionary project", "UW Centre for the New OED and Text Research", "LEXX A Programmable Structured Editor", "Preface to the Second Edition: Introduction: Special features of the Second Edition", "Preface to the Second Edition: Introduction: The translation of the phonetic system", "Preface to the Additions Series (vol. Hoover's wartime push for higher taxes, criticism of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer's actions during the First Red Scare, and his advocacy for measures such as the minimum wage, forty-eight-hour workweek, and elimination of child labor made him appealing to progressives of both parties. [16] Minthorn ensured that Hoover received an education, but Hoover disliked the many chores assigned to him and often resented Minthorn. The American State Department wanted no such crisis and compromised the issue in 1926. ", Herbert Brucker, "How Long, O Prohibition? He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. New text search databases offered vastly more material for the editors of the dictionary to work with, and with publication on the Web as a possibility, the editors could publish revised entries much more quickly and easily than ever before. [236] He did not pursue the presidential nomination at the 1944 Republican National Convention, and, at the request of Republican nominee Thomas E. Dewey, refrained from campaigning during the general election. Credit Photographers, clockwise from top left: Wendee Nicole; Anita Zhou; Zoe Rodriguez; Tolu Falade; Zubin Carvalho; Jeff Lee [196] Journalist Peter Beinart writes that Wallace's "naive faith in U.S.-Soviet cooperation" damaged his legacy. the price of military aircraft was much cheaper, so the C-2 was not worth the price to buy. [85] He also established the European Children's Fund, which provided relief to fifteen million children across fourteen countries. [94] Wallace did not have an effective organization to support his candidacy, though allies like Calvin Benham Baldwin, Claude Pepper, and Joseph F. Guffey pressed for him. [170] A series of bank failures in late 1930 heralded a larger collapse of the economy in 1931. After touring Germany, Hoover produced a number of reports critical of U.S. occupation policy. During the 1870s, the Philological Society was concerned with the process of publishing a dictionary with such an immense scope. In 1998 the New Oxford Dictionary of English (NODE) was published. Rather, they span and/or drive several categories, most notably compute, interchange tools and standards, and payments potentially others as well.). [98] Party leaders worked furiously to line up support for Truman overnight, but Wallace received 429 1/2 votes (589 were needed for nomination) on the first ballot for vice president and Truman 319 1/2, with the rest going to various favorite son candidates. The nadir of American race relations was the period in African American history and the history of the United States from the end of Reconstruction in 1877 through the early 20th century when racism in the country, especially racism against African Americans, was more open and pronounced than it had ever been during any other period in the nation's history. The total sales were only 4,000 copies. [129], Many wary Republican leaders cast about for an alternative candidate, such as Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon or former secretary of state Charles Evans Hughes. [24] Wallace's father died in October 1924, and in the November 1924 presidential election, Henry Wallace voted for the Progressive nominee, Robert La Follette. He and his wife lived in Palo Alto until her death in 1944, at which point Hoover began to live permanently at the Waldorf Astoria hotel in New York City. President of the United States from 1929 to 1933, This article is about the president of the United States. The Radical Republicans who passed the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments were, for the most part, motivated by a desire to help freedmen. [37] Retyping the text alone was not sufficient; all the information represented by the complex typography of the original dictionary had to be retained, which was done by marking up the content in SGML. Household net worth, which reflects the value of both stock markets and housing prices, fell $11.5 trillion (17.3%) and did not regain its pre-recession level of $66.4 trillion until Q3 2012. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. [26], By early 1894, a total of 11 fascicles had been published, or about one per year: four for AB, five for C, and two for E.[19] Of these, eight were 352 pages long, while the last one in each group was shorter to end at the letter break (which eventually became a volume break). involvement. Conservatives blocked the inclusion of a measure providing for full employment, but the act established the Council of Economic Advisers and the Joint Economic Committee to study economic matters. Achieving this would require retyping it once, but thereafter it would always be accessible for computer searchingas well as for whatever new editions of the dictionary might be desired, starting with an integration of the supplementary volumes and the main text. Furnivall believed that, since many printed texts from earlier centuries were not readily available, it would be impossible for volunteers to efficiently locate the quotations that the dictionary needed. Some 30 years after Edisons first stations, less than 10% of mechanical drive power in the United States came from electricity (two thirds of which was generated locally, rather than from a grid). [20]:1, Murray started the project, working in a corrugated iron outbuilding called the "Scriptorium" which was lined with wooden planks, bookshelves, and 1,029 pigeon-holes for the quotation slips. In addition, altogether new industries, marketplaces and resources will be created to enable this future, as will novel types of skills, professions, and certifications. [24], In 19191920, J. R. R. Tolkien was employed by the OED, researching etymologies of the Waggle to Warlock range;[25] later he parodied the principal editors as "The Four Wise Clerks of Oxenford" in the story Farmer Giles of Ham. Most of the white invaders were on foot, but some drove through the neighborhood shooting at passersby and into houses. [22] Wallace proposed various remedies to combat the farm crisis, which he believed stemmed primarily from overproduction. [168] Due to his successful business career and investments, he left an estate valued at tens of millions of dollars. This pace was maintained until World War I forced reductions in staff. A selection of stand-out articles worth returning to. [54][55] Roosevelt convinced James F. Byrnes, Paul V. McNutt, and other contenders for the vice-presidential nomination to support Wallace, but conservative Democrats rallied around the candidacy of Speaker of the House William B. Bankhead. [67], OED currently contains over 600,000 entries. The lists do not show all contributions to every state ballot measure, or each independent expenditure committee formed to support or [82] As head of the Food Administration, Hoover gained a following in the United States, especially among progressives who saw in Hoover an expert administrator and symbol of efficiency. The Worlds largest gravesite collection. [177] Wallace left the Liberal Catholic Church in 1930 and joined the Episcopal Church, but he continued to be interested in various mystic groups and individuals. [67], Vice president of the United States from 1941 to 1945, The Farm Security Administration succeeded the, The BEW was originally known as the Economic Defense Board. The main push came from elite Democrats in the Solid South, where blacks were a majority of voters. He led the federal response to the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. The story of how Murray and Minor worked together to advance the OED was retold in the 1998 book The Surgeon of Crowthorne (US title: The Professor and the Madman[16]), which was the basis for a 2019 film, The Professor and the Madman, starring Mel Gibson and Sean Penn. [100] Hoover's progressive stances, continuing support for the League of Nations, and recent conversion to the Republican Party aroused opposition to his appointment from many Senate Republicans. Find all the latest real-time sports coverage, live reports, analysis and comment on Telegraph Sport. [136] In the South, Hoover and the national party pursued a "lily-white" strategy, removing black Republicans from leadership positions in an attempt to curry favor with white Southerners. John Nance Garner (he was Speaker of the House during the second half of Hoover's term) was the only person in Hoover's United States presidential line of succession he did not outlive. Version 3.1.1 (2007) added support for hard disk installation, so that the user does not have to insert the CD to use the dictionary. Ford dealerships across the country and internationally distributed free copies of the work. [8] As a child, Hoover consistently attended schools, but he did little reading on his own aside from the Bible. Over 210 million memorials created by the community since 1995. [121] Wallace strongly criticized the president in early 1947 after Truman promulgated the Truman Doctrine to oppose Communist threats to Greece and Turkey. [171] Wallace and his family lived in Des Moines until Wallace accepted appointment as secretary of agriculture, at which point they began living in an apartment at Wardman Park in Washington, D.C.[172] In 1945, Wallace and his wife purchased a 115-acre farm near South Salem, New York known as Farvue. In July of 2022, W. W. Norton publishes my book The Metaverse and How It Will Revolutionize Everything. Some public libraries and companies have also subscribed, including public libraries in the United Kingdom, where access is funded by the Arts Council,[77] and public libraries in New Zealand. [37], The Supreme Court struck down the Agricultural Adjustment Act in the 1936 case United States v. Butler. By 1929 it stood at 78%). [92], In 1919, Hoover established the Hoover War Collection at Stanford University. In the South, many former Confederates were stripped of the right to vote, but they resisted Reconstruction with violence and intimidation. ", Arnold, Peri E. "The 'Great Engineer' as Administrator: Herbert Hoover and Modern Bureaucracy. [23] South Carolina U.S. [31] He convinced Bewick, Moreing to purchase the Sons of Gwalia gold mine, which proved to be one of the most successful mines in the region. He ultimately defeated Dewey in both the popular and electoral vote. He quickly grew frustrated with his ceremonial role as the presiding officer of the United States Senate, the one duty the Constitution assigns the vice president. [183], The letters that Wallace wrote to Roerich from 1933 to 1934 were eventually acquired by Republican newspaper publisher Paul Block. [33] In 2012, an analysis by lexicographer Sarah Ogilvie revealed that many of these entries were in fact foreign loanwords, despite Burchfield's claim that he included more such words. In 1914 at the outbreak of World War I, he organized and headed the Commission for Relief in Belgium, an international relief organization that provided food to occupied Belgium. The Country Life Center location of The Wallace Centers of Iowa: birthplace farm of Henry A. Wallace. Some in the press began to speculate that Wallace would drop out of the race. [127] Calvin Baldwin became Wallace's campaign manager and took charge of fundraising and ensuring that Wallace appeared on as many state ballots as possible. Opportunity Zones are economically distressed communities, defined by individual census tract, nominated by Americas governors, and certified by the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury via his delegation of that authority to the Internal Revenue Service. Gell continued harassing Murray and Bradley with his business concernscontaining costs and speeding productionto the point where the project's collapse seemed likely. In early 1945, Roosevelt appointed Wallace as Secretary of Commerce. Like closing a clamshell phone, it was a safe, easy, and tactile way to restart the iPhone if a user was confused or tapped the wrong app. William Craigie started in 1901 and was responsible for N, QR, SiSq, UV, and WoWy. And even if Apple had made its own ARM-like GPU back in 2008 (more than a decade before ARM itself), game developers (which generate more than two thirds of App Store revenues) would have lacked the game-engine technologies required to take advantage of its superpowered capabilities. The law also established the Farm Security Administration,[a] which was charged with ameliorating rural poverty, within the Agriculture Department. In 1879, Logan notes, "some 40,000 Negroes virtually stampeded from Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, and Georgia for the Midwest. [46] Unlike many Midwestern progressives, Wallace supported internationalist policies, such as Secretary of State Cordell Hull's efforts to lower tariffs. Over the past 20 years, nearly every industry has hired, restructured, and re-oriented itself around mobile workflows, products, or business lines. [187], Henry Wallace reportedly dabbled in Zoroastrianism and Buddhism. [17] Hoover attended Friends Pacific Academy (now George Fox University), but dropped out at the age of thirteen to become an office assistant for his uncle's real estate office (Oregon Land Company)[18] in Salem, Oregon. [250] By the end of January, it had already sent more than two million dollars to the Finns. The official dictionary of Spanish is the Diccionario de la lengua espaola (produced, edited, and published by the Real Academia Espaola), and its first edition was published in 1780. The difference between the first and second waves is not how much of American industry used electricity, but the extent to which it did and designed around it. In 1920 Ford wrote, "If fans wish to know the trouble with American baseball they have it in three wordstoo much Jew." [40], In 1935, Wallace fired general counsel Jerome Frank and some other Agriculture Department officials who sought to help Southern sharecroppers by issuing a reinterpretation of the Agricultural Adjustment Act. [185] The contents of the letters did become public seven years later, in the winter of 1947, when right-wing columnist Westbrook Pegler published what were purported to be extracts from them as evidence that Wallace was a "messianic fumbler", and "off-center mentally". The Worlds largest gravesite collection. View all. The national media dramatically covered Wallace's public battle with Jesse H. Jones, the Secretary of Commerce who was also in charge of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), which paid the purchases bills BEW made. Between 1889 and 1922, as political disenfranchisement and segregation were being established, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) calculates lynchings reached their worst level in history. The 20 volumes started with A, B.B.C., Cham, Creel, Dvandva, Follow, Hat, Interval, Look, Moul, Ow, Poise, Quemadero, Rob, Ser, Soot, Su, Thru, Unemancipated, and Wave. [57] Immediately after earning a promotion in 1898, Hoover cabled Lou Henry, asking her to marry him. [72][73] Wallace struggled to carve out authority for the BEW, demanding that American purchases in Latin America raise the standard of living of the workers. [16], In 1914, Wallace and his wife purchased a farm near Johnston, Iowa; they initially attempted to combine corn production with dairy farming, but later turned their full attention to corn. died on 30 Nov 2022. [155] He became increasingly critical of the Soviet Union after 1948, and he resigned from the Progressive Party in August 1950 due to his support for the UN intervention in the Korean War. [102] In January 1945, with the end of Wallace's vice presidency, Roosevelt nominated Wallace for secretary of commerce. [45] He made investments on every continent and had offices in San Francisco; London; New York City; Paris; Petrograd; and Mandalay, British Burma. While enthusiastic, the volunteers were not well trained and often made inconsistent and arbitrary selections. UGC experiences are just one of many experiences on the internet. [48][49] Furthermore, the supplements had failed to recognize many words in the existing volumes as obsolete by the time of the second edition's publication, meaning that thousands of words were marked as current despite no recent evidence of their use. [32] Partly due to Hoover's efforts, the company eventually controlled approximately 50 percent of gold production in Western Australia. News, fixtures, scores and video. [42], The British quiz show Countdown awarded the leather-bound complete version to the champions of each series between its inception in 1982 and Series 63 in 2010. Translation on Find a Grave is an ongoing project. [234], Hoover departed from Washington in March 1933, bitter at his election loss and continuing unpopularity. (2014) 42#4: 712-717. [4][62] Apart from general updates to include information on new words and other changes in the language, the third edition brings many other improvements, including changes in formatting and stylistic conventions for easier reading and computerized searching, more etymological information, and a general change of focus away from individual words towards more general coverage of the language as a whole. When plants first adopted electrical power, it was typically used for lighting and/or to replace a plants on-premises source of power (usually steam). There was a problem getting your location. The work on the supplement was expected to take about seven years. In 1913, for example, Henry Ford created the first moving assembly line, which used electricity and conveyor belts to reduce the production time per car from 12.5 hours to 93 minutes, while also using less power. [49], As Roosevelt refused to commit to either retiring or seeking reelection[b] during his second term, supporters of Wallace and other leading Democrats such as Vice President John Nance Garner and Postmaster General James Farley laid the groundwork for a presidential campaign in the 1940 election. [165], Wallace was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in 1964. AFS was available at afs.msu.edu an Please enter at least 2 characters. [58], Though his Quaker upbringing strongly influenced his career, Hoover rarely attended Quaker meetings during his adult life. After the Wickersham Report was published in 1931, Hoover rejected the advice of some of his closest allies and refused to endorse any revision of the Volstead Act or the Eighteenth Amendment, as he feared doing so would undermine his support among Prohibition advocates. "[70], Economic conditions became chaotic, and Roosevelt decided new leadership was needed. Anti-black violence, lynchings, segregation, legalized racial discrimination, and expressions of white supremacy all increased. "[59] Both campaigns predicted a close election, but Roosevelt won 449 of the 531 electoral votes and the popular vote by nearly ten points. [50], Accordingly, it was recognized that work on a third edition would have to begin to rectify these problems. He withdrew and Herbert Coleridge became the first editor. Some would start this history with the very first mobile phones. [86] Once NODE was published, a similarly brand-new edition of the Concise Oxford Dictionary followed, this time based on an abridgement of NODE rather than the OED; NODE (under the new title of the Oxford Dictionary of English, or ODE) continues to be principal source for Oxford's product line of current-English dictionaries, including the New Oxford American Dictionary, with the OED now only serving as the basis for scholarly historical dictionaries. [19]:x. Thereupon Furnivall became editor; he was enthusiastic and knowledgeable, but temperamentally ill-suited for the work. At this point, it was decided to publish the work in smaller and more frequent instalments; once every three months beginning in 1895 there would be a fascicle of 64 pages, priced at 2s 6d. 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