Soon after, he was found stillin his hotel room where he had suddenly died in his sleep (New YorkTimes, 2002). Rodolfo's area of research is ________. What main components in cigarettes affect therespiratory system? Infants will first learn to move their torso and then their arms and legs. At least three areas of mental functioning are impaired, despite typical physical growth and absence of facial abnormalities. The cephalocaudal trend is also the trend of infants learning to use their upper limbs before their lower limbs. Finally, in adults, the head represents approximately 12% of the body length. Many areas of a highly plastic cerebral cortex are not yet committed to specific functions. Maximum towards minimum muscular involvement trends 6. Discuss the relationship between growth hormone andinsulin, and are there complications associated with theirinteraction? The following points highlight the six main trends in motor development of a child. \begin{array}{l} At the end of the second trimester, most of the brain's neurons are in place. The body weights of adopted children ________. black-and-white checkerboard with large, bold squares, Newborn Farouk will probably look longer at ________ human and animal faces than ________ ones. Atherosclerosis isnarrowing of arteries caused by the accumulation of fatty depositson the arterial walls. chest and trunk grow first, then the arms and legs b. b. Can smoking affect other organ systems of the body?Give specific examples and briefly explain your answer. What is the direction of growth following the Proximodistal pattern? Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveal that the left hemisphere is better at processing information in a(n) ________ manner. Cephalocaudal and proximodistal trends 4. The current Western practice of ________ delays gross-motor milestones of rolling, sitting, and crawling. At the end of the 3rd month the ____ trimester is complete. Intermediate - The vertebral column grows 3. A baby's ability to manipulate objects greatly expands with the development of ________, which involves use of the thumb and index finger opposably. During Yolanda is thin and withdrawn. Provide evidencefor your answer. Which individual is most likely to be able to discriminate individual faces of humans and monkeys? Compared with bottle-fed infants, breastfed babies ________. girls are slightly shorter and lighter than boys; are greatly magnified. Which statement about functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is true? Simply stated, gross motor skills like waving an arm develop before fine motor skills like writing legibly. The best estimate of a child's physical maturity is ________. As neurons form connections, stimulation ________. A white cheeselike substance that protects skin from chapping during the long months spent bathing in the amniotic fluid. ________ fire identically when a primate hears or sees an action and when it carries out that action on its own. helps maintain a constant body temperature. It comes from the Latin words proxim- which means "close" [1] and "-dis-" meaning "away from", [2] because the trend essentially describes a path from the center outward. Development of the ability to use various parts of the body also follows the proximodistal principle. \text { belt use } That most of us can not retrieve events that happened to us before age 3? ________ is associated with slower early weight gain and 10 to 20 percent reduced obesity risk in later life. Nerve cells that store and transmit infromation, Tiny gaps where fibers from different neurons come close together but do not touch. Martin and Lewis should know that early, prolonged institutionalization ________. Infant scores do not tap the same dimensions of intelligence measured at older ages, they are conservatively labeled ___________ rather than IQs. During childhood, the arms and legs continue to grow somewhat ahead of the hands and feet. presenting an unpleasant stimulus to decrease the occurrence of a response, a gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation, heart rate, respiration rate, and brain activity may all decline. What is baby proximodistal development? Which statement about brain development is true? Researchers study the timing of the brain lateralization to learn more about _________. How does growth hormone regulate various bodyfunctions in adults, and what could cause the excess secretion ofgrowth hormone? \end{array} & 3682 & & \\ Which image would newborn Alex most likely prefer to look at? A change in environment that causes responsiveness to return to a high level, an increase called ________. The proximodistal pattern of development is where growth starts at the centre of the body and moves towards the extremities. It is the largest, most complex brain structure-accounting for 85 percent of the brain's weight and containing the greatest number of neurons and synapses. The best example for. To assess the newborn's physical condition quickly, doctors use what scale? Which statement is among the conclusions supported by the research on imitation? Which of the following is consistent with the proximodistal A wasted condition of the body caused by diet low in all essential nutrients. Brenda is unable to breastfeed her baby. and legs c. During the prenatal period the head develops more a. Regarding states of arousal, between birth and 2 years, ________. Habituation and recovery make learning more efficient by ________. A doctor wants to examine the functioning of 2-year-old Mia's cerebral cortex to measure blood flow and oxygen metabolism. Explain the following remarks: Which statement accurately reflects the proximodistal trend of body growth? Around 7 to 9 months, infants begin to ________. Four-month-old Logan's parents are tracking his motor development. Environmental agents that cause damage during the prenatal period. Newborn Sam's ________ is nearer to its adult size than any other physical structure. have far fewer allergic reactions and respiratory and intestinal illnesses. Yolanda is thin and withdrawn. was conducted with high school students ("Texting while driving and other risky motor vehicle behaviors among U.S. high school students," O'Mally, Shults, and Eaton, Pediatrics, $131, 6$). A baby's ability to manipulate objects greatly expands with the development of ________, which involves use of the thumb and index finger opposably. The beginning balance in cash on April 1 was $1,900. breastfeeding exclusively for the first six months. 2-8 weeks. Explain their effects on specific organs, cellsand/or processes in the respiratory system. Event-related potentials (ERPs) allow researchers to ________. Brain wave activity is remarkably similar to that of the waking state. During the prenatal period, the head, chest and trunk grow first, then the arms and legs b. What do cephalocaudal and Proximodistal mean? Addisu is probably suffering from ________. The _______ is associated with conception; it secretes hormones that prepare the lining of the the uterus to receive the fertilized ovum. In terms of visual development, around 4 months infants' color vision ________. The principles are: 1. 2003-2022 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Posterior - The lower limbs grow 4. More challenging because it involves remembering something not present. According to differentiation theory, infants ________. The cephalocaudal trend, or cephalocaudal gradient of growth, refers to the pattern of changing spatial proportions over time during growth. Which motor skill is Logan likely to have already achieved? At first, stimulation ________, thereby ensuring that the child will acquire crucial motor, cognitive, and social skills. A stimulus that increases the occurrence of a response, Removing a desirable stimulus or presenting an unpleasant one to decrease the occurrence of a response, Refers to a gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation. $$ Martin and Lewis plan to adopt 3-year-old Alexandru, who has been living in an orphanage since birth. Score: 4.9/5 (28 votes) . As neurons form connections, stimulation ________. Amos has stage 3 lung cancer, characterized by his symptoms ofnagging chest pain, fatigue, coughing up blood, substantial weightloss, and increased carbon dioxide levels in his blood. C. In the prenatal period, the head, chest, and trunk grow first, then the arms and legs. In operant conditioning, a stimulus that increases the occurrence of a response is called ________. & \begin{array}{c} At birth, the head takes up one-fourth of total body length, the legs only one-third. An infant will gain control over their neck muscles first, which allows them to hold their head steady. Use the information that you have gathered to answer theassignment questions that follow the case study. Edgar is detecting ________. Which statement about brain plasticity is true? of information. Rodolfo is interested in how babies actively organize and interpret what they see. During infancy and childhood, the arms and legs grow somewhat ahead of the hands and feet. References [ edit] ^ "Latin: -proximo". Other organs follow and grow rapidly. During infancy and childhood, the hands and feet grow ahead of the arms and legs c. During the prenatal period the head develops more rapidly than the lower part of the body d. By age 2, the head accounts for nearly one-half of the body length. correlate more strongly with those of their biological than of their adoptive parents. \end{array} **b. During the prenatal period, the head, Maggie is concerned because her 8-month-old daughter has gained 10 pounds since birth and has transformed into a round, plump baby. In a study of Romanian orphans adopted into Canadian homes, the longer the children spent in orphanage care, the ________ their ________. In classical conditioning, ________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented alone enough times, without being paired with the unconditioned stimulus. 3 Cash 3,400 She worries that she is depriving him of an experience essential for healthy psychological development. Stanislaw Timber Company owns 9,000 acres of timberland purchased in 2009 at a cost of $1,400 per acre. the sleep-wake pattern increasingly conforms to a night-day schedule. From fertilization until implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine lining. What happens during the 3rd stage of labor? The proximodistal trend is the prenatal growth from 5 months to birth when the fetus grows from the inside of the body outwards.When referring to motor development, the proximodistal trend refers to the development of motor skills from the center of the body outwards. Cash 500 In operant conditioning, punishment can involve ________. The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age ________, with solid foods added at ________. Infants act, or operate, on the environment, and stimuli that follow their behavior change the probability that the behavior will occur again. A checklist for gathering information about the quality of children's home lives through observation and parental interview, Home observation for measurement of the environment (HOME). **c.** If the tax advantages of leasing were eliminated, leasing would disappear. Breastfeeding exclusively for the first six months. Neurons send messages to one another by releasing chemicals called ______, which cross the synapse. Smaller movements, such as reading and grasping, Dynamic systems theory of motor development joint factors, 1. central nervous system development 2. The overall tendency for motor skill development to begin in the center of an organism and spread outwards is referred to as proximodistal development. | $8102 | 48 | 8% | | |. Describe one disease that affects the lymphaticvessels similarly to the way that atherosclerosis affects thearteries? Researchers may habituate babies to a physical event to familiarize them with a situation in which their knowledge will be tested. A tiny stalk and eventually grows to a lenth of one to three feet. identify general regions of stimulus-induced brain activity. On June 22, 2002 the St. Louis Cardinals werepreparing for their upcoming baseball game against the Chicagocubs. Which statement accurately reflects the proximodistal trend of body growth? Following habituation, when a new stimulus causes responsiveness to return to a high level, the increase is called ________. The ________ is the brain structure responsible for the highly developed intelligence of the human species. During Breastfeeding for just a few weeks ________. actively search for invariant features of the environment in a constantly changing perceptual world. Addisu gets just enough calories from starchy foods, but his diet is very low in protein. When the diets of severely malnourished children improve, the children ________. Service Revenue 3,400 Delsing Plumbing Company has beginning inventory of 16,500 units, will sell 55,000 units for the month, and desires to reduce ending inventory to 25 percent of beginning inventory. **a. a. A range of tasks that the child cannot yet handle alone but can do with the help of more skilled parents, Indicates the extent to which the raw score (number of items passed) deviates from the typical performance of same-age individuals, Giving the test to a large, representative sample and using the results as the standard for interpreting scores, Most scores cluster around the mean, or average, with progressively fewer falling toward the extremes. During the prenatal period, the trunk grows first, followed by the chest and the head. \end{array} & \begin{array}{c} Gross-motor development refers to control over ________. Within only a year, his weight rose to 62 pounds, more thandouble the normal weight of a baby at 18 months. These sex differences ________ at adolescence girls are slightly shorter and lighter than boys; are greatly magnified A recent doctor's visit reveals thatMr. cerebral cortex may be less clearly specialized than in right-handers. You can inform Maggie that her daughter's rise in "baby fat" ________. leads to a decrease in size and activity in the cerebral cortex. The difference between cephalocaudal and proximodistal development Proximodistal development When the blastocyst burrows deep into the lining, Helps keep the temp of the prenatal world constant and provides a cushion against any jolts caused by the woman's movements, Tiny hairlike villi, or blood vessels, emerge, surrounds the amnion. About half the brain's volume consists of glial cells, which are responsible for myelination, the coating of neural fibers with an insulating fatty sheath that improves the efficiency of message transfer. It depends on the anatomy of the body part being used, the surrounding environment, and the baby's efforts. At the time of purchase, the land without the timber was valued at$400 per acre. Joel Blocker recorded the following transactions during the month of April. \end{array} & \text { Total } \\ Anterior - The head and neck grow 2. In which order does sensitivity to depth cues develop in the first year? When is the developing organism the most vulnerable to teratogens? During the prenatal period, the head devlops more rapidly than the lower part of the body. The young brain's rapidly developing organization, which depends on ordinary experiences--opportunities to see and touch objects, to hear language and other sounds, and to move about and explore the environment. Compared with bottle-fed infants, breastfed babies ________. Robert's unique size was attributed to an over activepituitary gland, which produced much higher than normal levels ofgrowth hormone. Although her mother works, she does not always have sufficient funds to purchase enough food for a healthy, active life. Which of the following is consistent with the proximodistal The proximodistal trend, on the other hand, is the prenatal growth from 5 months to birth when the fetus grows from the inside of the body outwards. Infants with more crawling experience, regardless of when they started to crawl, are far more likely to ________. What percentage of students reported risky behavior in both categories (texting and irregular seat belt use)? Babies several months old often do not imitate an adult's behavior right away because they first try to play familiar social games. identify general regions of stimulus-induces- brain activity. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Yolanda, age 2, is being raised in a single-parent American household. Most newborns show greater activation in the right hemisphere while ________. Concern arose when their prized pitcher, 33-year old DarrylKile did not show up for practice. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for ________. The cephalocaudal trend, or cephalocaudal gradient of growth, refers to the pattern of changing spatial proportions over time during growth. The newborn's grasp reflex is first replaced by ________. 45) Which of the following is consistent with the proximodistal trend of body growth? A unique signature cry different with every baby that helps the mother identify their baby. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Martin and Lewis plan to adopt 3-year-old Alexandru, who has been living in an orphanage since birth. During the prenatal period, the trunk grows first, followed by the chest and the head. Martin and Lewis should know that early, prolonged institutionalization ________. With an electroencephalogram (EEG), researchers ________. However, by the time Robertreached the age of six months old, he weighed 30 pounds (Hamilton,1993). It fosters all aspects of psychological development. According to ________ of motor development, mastery of motor skills involves acquiring increasingly complex systems of action. B Which of the following statements is consistent with the proximodistal trend of body growth? The understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight, The ability to remember and copy the behavior of models who are not present, A child acts out everyday and imaginary activities. Babies are born with a set of innate knowledge systems, or core domains of thought. FROM THE STUDY SET psych 210 View this set Other answers from study sets Which statement is consistent with the proximodistal trend of body growth? The best method to use is ________. She worries that she is depriving him of an experience essential for healthy psychological development. \end{array} & 1737 & & 3785 \\ The doctorinformed Mr. Amos that had he quit his smoking habit several yearsago, he would have reduced his risk for developing lung cancerlater in life. 0.1875 What is the proposed role of the sense of smell in the lives of organisms? The brain continues to develop rapidly, and new sensory and behavioral capacities emerge. Consists of additional growth and refinement of est. Gigantism is abnormallylarge growth during childhood caused by excess growth hormonesecreted by the anterior pituitary gland. The foundations for all body structures are laid down. They fire identically when a primate hears or sees an action and when it carries out that action on its own. Infants who have it show all the signs of marasmus. Take a look at the following casestudies that detail an outcome associated with a disease/organmalfunction. is a trend that will continue into middle childhood. trend of body growth? Organs function as part of an integrated group of structuresknown as organ systems. GET 20% OFF GRADE+ YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION . What is the principle of Proximodistal development? a. Newborn Sam's ________ is nearer to its adult size than any other physical structure. When 4-month-old Edgar's dad talks to him, Edgar focuses on his dad's voice and face. Maggie is concerned because her 8-month-old daughter has gained 10 pounds since birth and has transformed into a round, plump baby. Control over actions that help infants get around in the environment, such as crawling, standing, and walking. During infancy and childhood, the hands and feet grow ahead of the arms and legs c. The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until age ________, with solid foods added at ________. Which of the following is consistent with the proximodistal trend of body growth? Proximodistal trend 42 Nerve cells that store and transmit infromation Neurons 43 Tiny gaps where fibers from different neurons come close together but do not touch synapses 44 Neurons send messages to one another by releasing chemicals called ______, which cross the synapse. Score: 4.9/5 (28 votes) . During infancy, ________. The newborns state of arousal, what is one possible outcome on mental development for babies who spend more time being alert? Describe the functions of both arteries andveins. ________ preference assesses infants' ________ memory. In terms of visual development, around 2 months infants ________. Permits food and oxygen to reach the organism and waste products to be carried away. There are alternate mechanisms of transportingcarbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2 ) in the blood. 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