How many pounds are in the uno mille tire? It was most impactful and severe in its earlier years, particularly as Jews. Its worst manifestation was in Spain, where the Spanish Inquisition was a dominant force for more than 200 years, resulting in some 32,000 executions. It is currently called the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. It is currently called the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. The Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition still exists, though changed its name a couple of times. The Spanish queen regent Mara Cristina de Borbn issues a decree abolishing the Spanish Inquisition. I agreed to answer a few questions, but I didn't expect the Spanish . What year does the Spanish Inquisition begin? Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Heretics werent allowed to face accusers, received no counsel, and were often victims of false accusations. How long did the Spanish Inquisition last? Last Updated. Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile soon spread the Spanish Inquisition throughout their domains. During the same period, the church also pursued the Waldensians in Germany and Northern Italy. How long did the Spanish Inquisition last? He then pursues the persecution and suppression of Moriscos (Muslims who have nominally converted to Christianity) with the same zeal that Torquemada directed at conversos and Jews. All About: The Holy Inquisition - PART 1. (figuratively) Excessive questioning or interrogation. Christian leaders often traveled read more, The California missions began in the late 18th century as an effort to convert Native Americans to Catholicism and expand European territory. In the late 15th Century, King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella of Spain believed corruption in the Spanish Catholic Church was caused by Jews who, to survive centuries of anti-Semitism, converted to Christianity. Philip II also renewed hostilities against the Moors, who revolted and found themselves either killed or sold into slavery. Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library. Upon seizing African towns, the Inquisition became established there. All heretics wore a sackcloth with a single eyehole over their heads. The institution of the Spanish Inquisition was ostensibly established to combat heresy. Some were able to bribe their way out of imprisonment and death, reflecting the level of corruption under de Deza. How long did the Carolingian Empire last? Complaints to Pope Alexander VI convinced him that Torquemada needed tempering. Those who have been condemned to death are remanded to secular authorities, in accordance with the maxim Ecclesia non sitit sanguinem (The church does not thirst for blood). The Spanish Inquisition lasted 355 years from 1478 to 1833. The Spanish Inquisition, also known as the Tribunal of the Holy Office, was established in Spain in 1478. Cecil Roth. Was the Spanish Inquisition in England? Roughly 95 percent of the worlds Hindus read more. How long did the Spanish Inquisition last? In 1482 Sextus appointed a council to take command of the Inquisition. In 1485, an Inquisitor died after being poisoned, and another Inquisitor was stabbed to death in a church. In 1478, under the influence of clergyman Tomas de Torquemada, the monarchs created the Tribunal of Castile to investigate heresy among Conversos. How long was life expectancy in the Dark Ages? What was the Spanish Inquisition in the Holy Roman Empire? Part of the agreement with France was to dismantle the Inquisition, which was defunct by 1834. Discover how these two events merged to change Spain's population forever. The accused was required to testify, and he didn't get a lawyer or any assistance. Cullen Murphy. In this form the Inquisition will continue to exist into the 21st century. After Napoleons defeat in 1814, Ferdinand VII worked to reinstate the Inquisition but was ultimately prevented by the French government, which helped Ferdinand overcome a fierce rebellion. This Inquisition is best known for putting Galileo on trial in 1633. Torture became systemized and routinely used to elicit confessions. Those who confessed received a punishment ranging from a pilgrimage to a whipping. If the heretic did not confess, torture and execution were inescapable. The papal Inquisitionfounded in 1542 and formally known as the Congregation of the Holy Roman and Universal Inquisition, or Holy Officewas reorganized by Pope Paul VI and renamed the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in 1965. The Spanish queen regent Mara Cristina de Borbn issued a decree abolishing the Spanish Inquisition on July 15, 1834. During his 15-year tenure as grand inquisitor, approximately 2,000 people have been burned at the stake. The history of Judaism is essential to understanding the Jewish faith, which has a rich heritage of law, read more, Mormons are a religious group that embrace concepts of Christianity as well as revelations made by their founder, Joseph Smith. Some historians are convinced that millions died.What was the population of Spain during the Inquisition? The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition ( Spanish: Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicin ), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition ( Spanish: Inquisicin espaola ), was established in 1478 by the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. Its ostensible purpose was to combat heresy in Spain, but, in practice, it resulted in consolidating power in the monarchy of the newly unified Spanish kingdom. How long was the Roman Siege of Jerusalem? How long did the Crusaders siege against Jerusalem last? Both the Old Testament and the New Testament have undergone changes over the centuries, read more, The Great Awakening was a religious revival that impacted the English colonies in America during the 1730s and 1740s. The Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition still exists, though changed its name a couple of times. The Spanish Inquisition was a judicial institution that lasted between 1478 and 1834. How long did it take Henry VIII to be c ome head of the Chur c h . Spanish Inquisition, (1478-1834), judicial institution ostensibly established to combat heresy in Spain. The Spanish Inquisition lasted for 336 years and was finally abolished in 1834. Given the atrocities committed against the Jewish and Muslim people living in Spain Beginning in the 12th century and continuing for hundreds of years, the Inquisition is infamous for the severity of its tortures and its persecution of Jews and Muslims.Its worst manifestation was in Spain, where the Spanish Inquisition was a dominant force for more than 200 years, resulting in some 32,000 executions. How many years did the Third Crusade last? How long did the Roman Republic and Rome Empire last? As Spain expanded into the Americas, so did the Inquisition, established in Mexico in 1570. . At the opposite pole, however, is Maria Barbara Carillo. The effort focused on stronger Catholic education for Conversos, but by 1480, the Inquisition was formed. Spanish Inquisition, (1478-1834), judicial institution ostensibly established to combat heresy in Spain. By the mid-1600s the Inquisition and Catholic dominance had become such an oppressive fact of daily life in Spanish territories that Protestants avoided those places altogether. After Isabellas death in 1504, Ferdinand promoted Cardinal Gonzalo Ximenes de Cisneros, the head of the Spanish Catholic Church, to Inquisitor General. Approximately 300,000 of them are then forcibly relocated, primarily to North Africa. Zoroastrianism was the state religion of three Persian dynasties, until the read more, Wicca is a modern-day, nature-based pagan religion. Charles II of Spain (Spanish: Carlos II, 6 November 1661 - 1 November 1700), known as the Bewitched (Spanish: El Hechizado), was the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire.Best remembered for his physical disabilities and the War of the Spanish Succession that followed his death, Charles's reign has traditionally been viewed as one of managed decline. . Beginning in the 12th century and continuing for hundreds of years, the Inquisition is infamous for the severity of its tortures and its persecution of Jews and Muslims. Spanish Inquisition, (1478-1834), judicial institution ostensibly established to combat heresy in Spain. It remains one of the congregations of the Roman Curia and concerns itself primarily with questions of Roman Catholic dogma and doctrine. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. How long did the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 last? In 1580Spain and Portugal ruled jointly by the Spanish crownand began rounding up and slaughtering Jews that had fled Spain. How long did the Spanish Inquisition last? How long did Rome last after Charlemagne's death? How long did the Merovingian dynasty last? How long did the Solomonic dynasty of Ethiopia last? Filters. What does it mean when someone says Spanish Inquisition? See full answer below. How long did the Siege of Constantinople last? It occurred alongside the Reconquista which saw the conquest of southern Spain from Muslim rulers. Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Todos los derechos reservados. Torquemada was named Inquisitor General and established courts across Spain. (Yale University Press, . The Spanish Inquisition was a judicial institution that lasted between 1478 and 1834. The official start is usually given as 1231 A.D., when the pope appoints the first "inquisitors of heretical depravity." The Spanish Inquisition, which begins under Ferdinand and Isabella, doesn't end until the 19th century -- the last execution was in 1826. How long did the period of the Avignon Papacy last? Hearing the complaints of Conversos who had fled to Rome, Pope Sextus proclaimed the Spanish Inquisition was too harsh and was wrongly accusing Conversos. How long did Spartacus' slave revolt last? Beginning in the 12th century and continuing for hundreds of years, the Inquisition is infamous for the severity of its tortures and its persecution of Jews and Muslims.Its worst manifestation was in Spain, where the Spanish Inquisition was a dominant force for more than 200 years, resulting in some 32,000 executions. Its ostensible purpose was to combat heresy in Spain, but, in practice, it resulted in consolidating power in the monarchy of the newly unified Spanish kingdom. In 1556, Philip II ascended the Spanish throne. In 1184 Pope Lucius III sent bishops to southern France to track down heretics called Catharists. How long did the Inquisition last? The desire for religious unity in the Iberian Peninsula increased toward the end of the Reconquista, a series . Resistance and the decline of the Inquisition. Philip III, king of Spain and Portugal, signs a decree expelling the Moriscos from Spain. Sometimes people fought back against the Inquisition. The Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition still exists, though changed its name a couple of times. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. How long did the Black Plague last in Italy? Those accused of heresy were forced to testify. Beside this, how long did the Inquisition last in Spain? Roughly 700 years. Inquisitors decreed that their penitence required them to name other heretics. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Corrections? But the workings of the real-life Spanish Inquisitionwhile severe and fanaticalwere anything but unexpected. In practice, the Spanish Inquisition served to consolidate power in the monarchy of the newly unified Spanish kingdom, but it achieved that end through infamously brutal methods. Did they expect the Spanish Inquisition? How long did the Spanish Inquisition last? The Inquisition has its origins in the early organized persecution of non-Catholic Christian religions in Europe. Approximately 300,000 of them are then forcibly relocated, primarily to North Africa. These efforts continued into the 14th Century. How long did the first four Crusades last? Known as Conversos, they were viewed with suspicion by old powerful Christian families. But, there was also the Spanish Inquisition which started in 1478 and ended in 1821. Where does the name roller coaster come from? Its practice has historically been most prominent in East and Southeast read more, Hinduism is the worlds oldest religion, according to many scholars, with roots and customs dating back more than 4,000 years. How long did the treaty between Richard and Saladin last? Reading and Note Taking Study Guide, p. 126 Adapted Reading and Note Taking Study Guide, p. 126 Spanish Reading and Note Taking Study Guide, p. 126 Extend Have students research an important . In 1307, Inquisitors were involved in the mass arrest and tortures of 15,000 Knights Templar in France, resulting in dozens of executions. If he refused to testify, the Inquisitor took this refusal as proof of his guilt. Arguably the worlds first monotheistic faith, its one of the oldest religions still in existence. Its ostensible purpose was to combat heresy in Spain, but, in practice, it resulted in consolidating power in the monarchy of the newly unified Spanish kingdom. Today, with about 900 million followers, Hinduism is the third-largest religion behind Christianity and Islam. The Spanish Inquisition was an attempt headed by King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I to root out heresy in Spanish territories. Torquemadas 28 articles outline the crimes that may be investigated by inquisitors, as well as the methods to be used for interrogation and punishment. Tu direccin de correo electrnico no ser publicada. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The Inquisition was a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to root out and punish heresy throughout Europe and the Americas. Ximenes was dismissed in 1517 after pleas from prominent Conversos, but the Inquisition was allowed to continue. One of the more significant Spanish Inquisition facts is that the last person known to be executed by the Spanish Inquisition lost his life in 1826. Empowering the Inquisition Pope Paul strengthened the Inquisi-tion to fight . Torquemada was forced to share leadership with four other clergymen until he died in 1498. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. How long did the Spanish Inquisition last? Its worst manifestation was in Spain, where the Spanish Inquisition was a dominant force for more than 200 years, resulting in some 32,000 executions. Meaning his family were Jews that converted to Catholicism. Its worst manifestation was in Spain, where the Spanish Inquisition was a dominant force for more than 200 years, resulting in some . Ferdinand felt an Inquisition was the best way to fund that crusade, by seizing the wealth of heretic Conversos. Where did the Spanish Inquisition take place? In other nods to Romes concerns, the Spanish Inquisition focused on the rising population of Spanish Protestants in the 1550s. He had previously brought the Roman Inquisition to the Netherlands, where Lutherans were hunted down and burned at the stake. How long did the reformation last? Updates? Contemporary accounts estimate that some 50,000 are killed while resisting expulsion while another 60,000 die before reaching their destinations. The Roman Inquisition, formally the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition, was a system of partisan tribunals developed by the Holy See of the Roman Catholic Church, during the second half of the 16th century, responsible for prosecuting individuals accused of a wide array of crimes according to Roman Catholic law and doctrine, relating to catholic religious life . How long did the Spanish Inquisition last? City authorities fail in their attempts to check the violence, and eventually they withdraw their protection from the converso community. Diego de Deza took over as Inquisitor General, escalating the hunt for heresy within cities and rounding up scores of accused heretics, including members of the nobility and local governments. Ferdinand and Isabella feared that even trusted Conversos were secretly practicing their old religion; the royal couple was also afraid of angering Christian subjects who demanded a harder line against ConversosChristian support was crucial in an upcoming crusade against Muslims planned in Granada. https://www.britannica.com/question/When-did-the-Spanish-Inquisition-end. Gods Jury: The Inquisition and the Making of the Modern World. The period of most intense persecution of Jewish converts lasted until 1530; from 1531 to 1560, the percentage of Jewish converts in the inquisitorial trials dropped significantly to only 3% of the total. Beginning in the 12th century and continuing for hundreds of years, the Inquisition is infamous for the severity of its tortures and its persecution of Jews and Muslims. Rome renewed its own Inquisition in 1542 when Pope Paul III created the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition to combat Protestant heresy. How long did the Dark Ages of Greece last? University of Notre Dame. What was a long lasting effect of the Crusades? Mobs fueled by anti-Semitic preachers carry out pogroms in Sevilla, a city recently incorporated into the Christian kingdom of Castile, devastating one of Europes most vibrant Jewish communities. . Heretics who refused to confess were burned at the stake. How long did the Eastern Roman Empire last? The Ottoman Islamic State gave refuge to 150,000 Jews fleeing the Spanish Inquisition in 1492. Spain and Portugal ruled jointly by the Spanish crown. Its brutal methods led to widespread death and suffering. How long did the Visigoths dominate Spain? What was the Spanish Inquisition for dummies? By The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Some conversos go on to achieve high positions within the church and the government, but the group becomes the target of hatred and persecution by old Christians. . That same year, Jews in Castile were forced into ghettos separated from Christians, and the Inquisition expanded to Seville. Those Jews who ostensibly convert to Christianity, often to escape persecution, come to be known as conversos. The Spanish Inquisition, still active and extremely efficient at keeping Protestants out of Spain, was for Protestant writers merely the latest version of this persecution. The Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition still exists, though changed its name a couple of times. https://www.britannica.com/list/timeline-of-the-spanish-inquisition. All rights reserved. Torture and the confiscation of property are treated as matters of routine. With about 470 million followers, scholars consider Buddhism one of the major world religions. Conversos were blamed for a plague and accused of poisoning peoples water and abducting Christian boys. The Roman Catholic Church had established . The Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition still exists, though changed its name a couple of times. How long did the Egyptian Revolution of 1919 last? How long did the Great Plague of London last? Joan of Arc, burned at the stake in 1431, is the most famous victim of this wing of the Inquisition. In 1574, Lutherans were burned at the stake there, and the Inquisition came to Peru, where Protestants were likewise tortured and burned alive. Inquisitors would arrive in a town and announce their presence, giving citizens a chance to admit to heresy. Spanish Inquisition, (1478-1834), judicial institution ostensibly established to combat heresy in Spain. Gui himself pronounced over 600 people guilty of heresy and was featured as a character in Umberto Ecos novel The Name of the Rose. The Spanish Inquisition. How long did the Spanish Inquisition last? Philip II died in 1598 and his son, Philip III, dealt with the Muslim uprising by banishing them. How long did the Western Roman Empire last? How long was the journey of the First Crusade? Torquemadas downfall came when he investigated members of the clergy for heresy. The Spanish Inquisition was founded in 1478 and was not disbanded in 1834. The very first one began in 1184 in France. The grand inquisitor Toms de Torquemada convenes an assembly at Sevilla to codify the conduct and jurisdiction of inquisitors. As mentioned earlier, the inquisitions were tribunals -- a type of trial where the judge (or judges) tries the accused and passes judgment. How long did the Greek War of Independence last. Though rituals and practices vary among people who identify as Wiccan, most observations include the festival celebrations of solstices and equinoxes, the honoring of a male god and a female goddess, and the incorporation of read more, Buddhism is a faith that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) more than 2,500 years ago in India. The decree will not be formally rescinded until December 16, 1968, more than 476 years later. There were 21 missions in all, lasting from 1769 until about 1833. Roughly 700 years. The public trials of alleged heretics become spectacular highly ritualized affairs that culminate in the sentencing of the convicted. Torquemada dies. In practice, the Spanish Inquisition served to consolidate power in the monarchy of the newly unified Spanish kingdom, but it achieved that end through infamously brutal methods. Los campos obligatorios estn marcados con. In Sevilla the first auto de f (act of faith) of the Spanish Inquisition takes place. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Three days of riots against conversos begin in Crdoba, Castile. How long did the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 last? His successor, Count Alphonese, confiscated the lands of the accused to increase his riches. Ximenes had previously made a mark in Granada persecuting the Islamic Moors. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. In 1545, the Spanish Index was created, a list of European books considered heretical and forbidden in Spain, based on the Roman Inquisitions own Index Librorum Prohibitorum. In 1808, Napoleon conquered Spain and ordered the Inquisition there to be abolished. From 1609 to 1615, 150,000 Muslims who had converted to Catholicism were forced out of Spain. All Rights Reserved. Followers of Judaism believe in one God who revealed himself through ancient prophets. Contemporary accounts estimate that some 50,000 are killed while resisting expulsion while another 60,000 die before reaching their destinations. Spanish Inquisition, (1478-1834), judicial institution ostensibly established to combat heresy in Spain. https://www.history.com/topics/religion/inquisition. At the end of the 15th century there may have been up to 300,000 conversos What was the purpose of the Roman Inquisition? The Spanish Inquisition did not shy away from executing children. Spanish Inquisition, (1478-1834), judicial institution ostensibly established to combat heresy in Spain. How long did Spain own the Holy Roman Empire? The papal Inquisitionfounded in 1542 and formally known as the Congregation of the Holy Roman and Universal Inquisition, or Holy Officewas reorganized by Pope Paul VI and . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Sentencing of confessed heretics was done in a public event called the Auto-da-Fe. The curation of this content is at the discretion of the author, and not necessarily reflective of the views of Encyclopaedia Britannica or its editorial staff. 2022 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Pope Paul III issues the bull Licet ab initio (It Is Allowed from the Beginning), founding the Sacred Roman and Universal Inquisition, also known as the Holy Office. It was most impactful and severe in its earlier years, particularly as Jews Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Count Raymond VII of Toulouse was known for burning heretics at the stake even though they had confessed. How long did Charlemagne battle the pagans? Omissions? They primarily belong to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, or LDS, which is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, and has more than 16 read more, Zoroastrianism is an ancient Persian religion that may have originated as early as 4,000 years ago. In fact, the Inquisition actually . Its brutal methods led to widespread death and suffering. How long did the Northern Renaissance last? Torquemada managed to round up the assassins, burning at the stake 42 people in retaliation. Yet while the Spanish Inquisition was a secretive organization, the The movement came at a time when the idea of secular rationalism was being emphasized, and passion for religion had grown stale. Bernard Gui wrote the influential guidebook for Inquisitors called Conduct of the Inquisition into Heretical Depravity in the early 14th Century. The last person to be executed by the Inquisition was Cayetano Ripoll, a Spanish schoolmaster hanged for heresy in 1826. The official start is usually given as 1231 A.D., when the pope appoints the first "inquisitors of heretical depravity." The Spanish Inquisition, which begins under Ferdinand and Isabella, doesn't end until the 19th century the last execution was in 1826. This was the execution by garroting of the school teacher Cayetano Ripoll for purportedly teaching Deism in his school. The California missions began in the late 18th century as an effort read more, Judaism is the worlds oldest monotheistic religion, dating back nearly 4,000 years. How long did the Spanish Inquisition last? The Spanish Inquisition was founded in 1478 and was not disbanded in 1834. Createyouraccount. How long did the Spanish Inquisition last? The Bible is the holy scripture of the Christian religion, purporting to tell the history of the Earth from its earliest creation to the spread of Christianity in the first century A.D. Did anyone expect the Spanish Inquisition? The medieval inquisition had played a considerable role in Christian Spain during the 13th century, but the . Pope Sixtus IV issues the papal bull Exigit sinceras devotionis affectus (Sincere Devotion Is Required), which authorizes the creation of the Inquisition in Castile. The Spanish queen regent Mara Cristina de Borbn issued a decree abolishing the Spanish Inquisition on July 15, 1834. The Inquisition institutionalizes the persecution of conversos, and, within a year, hundreds are killed and their estates are claimed by the crown. How long did the Ancient Roman Empire last? It is currently called the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. In 1481, 20,000 Conversos confessed to heresy, hoping to avoid execution. How long did the French Wars of Religion last? Francisco, Cardinal Jimnez de Cisneros, is appointed grand inquisitor. April 9, 1609. How long did the Franco-Prussian war last? As Inquisitor General, Ximenes pursued Muslims into North Africa, encouraging Ferdinand to take military action. The Spanish kingdom was unified with the marriage of Ferdinand II and Isabella I, and the Inquisition served to consolidate power in the monarchy. How long did Spanish Inquisition last? It was more of a movement among the German people between 1517 and 1525 , and then also a political one beginning in 1525. It is currently called the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Spanish Inquisition, (1478-1834), judicial institution ostensibly established to combat heresy in Spain. For the most accurate and up-to-date information, consult individual encyclopedia entries about the topics. Original . In July 1834, the Queen Regent of Spain, Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies, signed a Royal Decree, permanently ending the Spanish Inquisition. By the years end, hundreds of Conversos were burned at the stake. It is currently called the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. What was the Spanish Inquisition and how did the Reconquista pave the way for it? The Spanish Inquisition was a judicial institution that lasted between 1478 and 1834. Inquisito. Philip III, king of Spain and Portugal, signs a decree expelling the Moriscos from Spain. The Grand Inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition, Toms de Torquemada, a supporter of the decree expelling Jews from Spain, was himself from a "converso" family. Estimates of the number killed by the Spanish Inquisition, which Sixtus IV authorised in a papal bull in 1478, have ranged from 30,000 to 300,000. The last one for that one was the Roman Inquisition that ended in 1965. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. A mass exodus of Conversos followed. Ferdinand and Isabella issue the Alhambra Decree, which announces the expulsion of all Jews from Spain. copyright 2003-2022 Homework.Study.com. But these trials were unique in several ways. Spanish Inquisition, (1478-1834), judicial institution ostensibly established to combat heresy in Spain. The last execution of the Inquisition was in Spain in 1826. There were countless abuses of power. 20 related questions found. In 1965 the Holy Office will be reorganized by Pope Paul VI and renamed the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. February 11, 2022. Kamen, Henry, The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision. 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