Symptoms of avian flu. This vaccine could be used early in such an outbreak to provide limited protection until another vaccine designed to protect against the specific form of the virus causing the outbreak is developed and produced. In March 2022 the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) reported the confirmed presence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, H5 variant, in a wild bald eagle found in Vancouver, British Columbia. reports about half of the 1.3 m free range turkeys produced for Christmas have either died or being culled due to bird flu in the UK. The subtype responsible for the outbreak that began in 2021 is highly pathogenic, and thus is of heightened concern. Signs and Symptoms of Avian Influenza A Virus Infections in Humans. Licensing page updated to add link to movement of mammals general licence. To receive weekly email updates about Seasonal Flu, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. As of Wednesday morning, he said the commission has received 13 reports. How to Spot Flu Symptoms in Children. Thats the best thing people can do to help us out, Naylor said. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Naylor said hunters are notoriously inaccurate about estimating anything, but he confirmed that the reports are true. To date, H5N1 viruses have been found in U.S. commercial and backyard birds in29 states and in wild birds in 34 states. Updated Risk level text on Wild bird surveillance. However, infants and people with weakened immune systems who are infected with flu viruses may be contagious for longer than seven days. Because some of the symptoms of influenza and COVID-19 are similar, it may be difficult to tell the difference between these two respiratory diseases based on symptoms alone.Residents in the facility Minor textual changes to Latest situation. Avian influenza is anotifiable animal disease. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. Nov 09, 2022 at 6:52 pm More than 14,000 turkeys from a Lehigh County poultry farm have been destroyed after a highly contagious avian flu was confirmed in the flock. When treatment is started within two days of becoming sick with flu symptoms, antiviral drugs can lessen fever and flu symptoms and shorten the time you are sick by about one day. reports about half of the 1.3 m free range turkeys produced for Christmas have either died or being culled due to bird flu in the UK. Most people who have developed symptoms of bird flu have had close contact with sick birds. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Nasal discharge, coughing or sneezing. Photo. National Health Service. Heres what to know about symptoms, treatment and prevention. Accessed Sept. 20, 2017. Guideline. U.S. Health and Human Services. CDC is taking routine preparedness and prevention measures, which includes an existing candidate vaccine virus that could be used to make vaccine for people if one were needed. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Scottish Government Influenza (flu) can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. Among the symptoms of the disease are: Decreased water consumption. All rights reserved. Signals that could raise the public health risk might include multiple reports of H5N1 virus infections in people from exposure to birds, or identification of spread from one infected person to a close contact. Flu symptoms usually come on suddenly. Latest situation information updated to include Avian influenza H5N8 (pathogenicity to be confirmed) has been confirmed in poultry and captive birds at a premises near Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire. Effective November 1, 2022, individuals six months and older are eligible for the flu vaccine. Nov 09, 2022 at 6:52 pm More than 14,000 turkeys from a Lehigh County poultry farm have been destroyed after a highly contagious avian flu was confirmed in the flock. This content does not have an Arabic version. Licence section updated to reflect latest situation. Some PCR tests can differentiate between flu and COVID-19 at the same time. Symptoms of avian flu. However, there can be considerable variation in the clinical picture and severity of the disease. When treatment is started within two days of becoming sick with flu symptoms, antiviral drugs can lessen fever and flu symptoms and shorten the time you are sick by about one day. He asked hunters to share all of their observations, including photos and videos, by sending them in email form to the Game and Fish Commission at agfc.health@agfc.ar.gov. (Lists are provided at the beginning of this document.) A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. We use cookies to collect anonymous data to help us improve your site browsing Decreased egg production or soft-shelled, misshapen eggs. The subtype responsible for the outbreak that began in 2021 is highly pathogenic, and thus is of heightened concern. People with bird flu may develop life-threatening complications, including: Although bird flu may kill more than half the people it infects, the number of fatalities is still low because so few people have had bird flu. Treatment and prevention of avian influenza. A second turkey flock in Co Monaghan has been infected with H5N1 avian flu, it has been confirmed. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Page last reviewed: September 20, 2022 Content source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD) A second turkey flock in Co Monaghan has been infected with H5N1 avian flu, it has been confirmed. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Wear gloves while cleaning game and practice safe cleaning procedures. In very few instances, bird flu has been transmitted from one human to another. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Its a lot different than that what we experienced in the years you and I have been paying attention to it.. Guideline. People who have flu often feel some or all of these symptoms: 2022-2023 Flu Season FAQ; Past Flu Seasons plus icon. You can review and change the way we collect information below. More Resources; Bacillus cereus; Bacterial Vaginosis. Flu Symptoms & Complications plus icon. Avian Influenza. Contact: Media Relations Stay up to date on the latest monkeypox cases and data trends. The greatest risk factor for bird flu seems to be contact with sick birds or with surfaces contaminated by their feathers, saliva or droppings. CDC will continue to watch this situation closely for signs that the risk to human health has changed. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Stephenson I. An unusually virulent strain of avian flu is circulating primarily among snow geese throughout the Mississippi River Delta. The appropriate public health response at this time is to assume this is an infection and take actions to contain and treat. Avian influenza (bird flu) mainly affects birds. Update adding link to end of surveillance zone protection declaration, and additional locations for presence of H5 vaccine. Avian influenza A viruses have been isolated from more than 100 different species of wild birds around the world. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Influenza (Flu) and COVID-19 are both contagious respiratory illnesses, but they are caused by different viruses. some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults. (Miscellaneous Amendment and Revocation) (Scotland) Order 2021. Saturday, Dec 10, 2022. that has been used for more than 70 years. Licensing page updated to add link to movement of samples for salmonella testing: general licence. (404) 639-3286. that has been used for more than 70 years. The symptoms of flu can include fever or feeling feverish/chills, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, and fatigue (tiredness). CDC also is monitoring H5N1 viruses for genetic changes that have been associated with adaptation to mammals, which could indicate the virus is adapting to spread more readily from birds to people. The current strain of concern is a highly pathogenic H5N1. Updated self-assessment checklist on Biosecurity page. More Resources; Botulism; Brucellosis; Campylobacter; 2022; 2021; 2020; 2019; 2018; 2017; Public health emergency in BC; Children may show COVID-19 symptoms differently than adults. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education. H5N1 virus infections among people are rare; however, human infections can happen when enough virus gets into a persons eyes, nose, or mouth, or is inhaled. Make a donation. Monkeypox symptoms usually start within 3 weeks of exposure to the virus. N. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Outbreaks of bird flu have occurred in Asia, Africa, North America and parts of Europe. People with colds are more likely to have a runny or stuffy nose. that has been used for more than 70 years. Updated to reflect wild bird surveillance findings. 7 September 2022 . 18 January 2019. Diarrhea. Agriculture and Rural Economy Directorate In birds we are mainly concerned with H5 and H7 subtypes. Copyright 2022, Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, Inc. http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/en/. Flu signs and symptoms usually come on suddenly. Leading infectious disease experts, Poultry, bird shows canceled at 2022 York State Fair over avian flu concerns. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. It is known that the LPAI H5 and H7 virus subtypes can mutate into the highly pathogenic form that causes serious illness and deaths in birds, although in water fowl the disease may not be apparent. Because some of the symptoms of influenza and COVID-19 are similar, it may be difficult to tell the difference between these two respiratory diseases based on symptoms alone.Residents in the facility Current seasonal flu activity in the United States, information for health providers, in season estimates, and FluSight forecasting. People who are sick with flu often feel some or all of these symptoms: Fever*/feeling feverish or chills; Cough; Sore throat; Runny or stuffy nose; Muscle or body aches; Headaches; Fatigue (tiredness) Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults. Accessed Sept. 20, 2017. Clinical signs and symptoms of AI in humans include fever, sore throat, respiratory distress, pneumonia and in some cases death. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. Additional screening measures put in place at Pennsylvania duck farms to contain avian flu. experience. Egg-based vaccine manufacturing is used to make both inactivated (killed) vaccine (usually called the flu shot) and live attenuated (weakened virus) vaccine (usually called the nasal spray flu vaccine). Failure to do so is an offence. 1998-2022 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Photo. By Dani Blum. They stand there with this head twirling type thing going on. Additional screening measures put in place at Pennsylvania duck farms to contain avian flu. Avian flu is resulting in sick and dead waterfowl from Poinsett County to Drew County, said Luke Naylor, chief of wildlife management for the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Updated Wild bird surveillance. That seems to be something going on neurologically to cause those signs.. Avian flu is resulting in sick and dead waterfowl from Poinsett County to Drew County, said Luke Naylor, chief of wildlife management for the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. It won't protect you specifically from bird flu, but it may help reduce the risk of simultaneous infection with bird and human flu viruses. What are emergency warning signs of flu sickness? The 202223 October Portfolio Budget Statements were released on 25 October 2022. Avian influenza A viruses have been isolated from more than 100 different species of wild birds around the world. People with egg allergies can receive any licensed, recommended age-appropriate influenza (flu) vaccine (IIV4, RIV4, ccIIV4, or LAIV4) that is otherwise appropriate.People who have a history of severe egg allergy (those who have had any symptom other than hives after exposure to egg) should be vaccinated in a medical setting, supervised 29 July 2022 . Person Had Contact with Infected Poultry; Public Health Risk Assessment Remains Low, For Immediate Release: Thursday, April 28, 2022, 11:00 p.m. By Dani Blum. Among the symptoms of the disease are: Decreased water consumption. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/us_flu-related_deaths.htm. Updated Wild bird surveillance. Leading infectious disease experts, Latest situation updated with information about general licence for bird gatherings. People experiencing these warning signs should obtain medical care right away. Also, thoroughly cook all game. These subtypes are found every year in waterfowl. Nov 09, 2022 at 6:52 pm More than 14,000 turkeys from a Lehigh County poultry farm have been destroyed after a highly contagious avian flu was confirmed in the flock. 7 September 2022 . to H5N1 virus-infected birds since these outbreaks were detected in U.S. wild birds and poultry in late 2021 and into 2022. The strain of HPAI virus found in the eagle is thought to be the same clade (a The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and CDC are the lead federal partners for public health for this situation. Edinburgh. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. If you're traveling to Southeast Asia or to any region with bird flu outbreaks, consider these public health recommendations: Because heat destroys avian viruses, cooked poultry isn't a health threat. People with flu can spread it to others. Some people can be infected with flu viruses and have no symptoms but may still be able to spread the virus to their close contacts. Anyone aged two and over can receive their annual flu vaccine at one of more than 250 pharmacies across Ottawa. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Updated Dead or sick wild birds: what to do. Please consult your medical provider for any other symptom that is severe or concerning. Flu symptoms usually come on suddenly. In general, flu is worse than the common cold, and symptoms are typically more intense and begin more abruptly. Avian influenza refers to disease in birds caused by infection with avian (bird) influenza (flu) Type A viruses. Please do not provide any personal information, All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except for graphic assets and where otherwise stated, Agriculture and Rural Economy Directorate, Animal diseases: notifiable, reportable and non-notifiable diseases, latest avian influenza outbreak situation in Scotland. L. 9 December 2022. Reviewed and updated to link to latest avian influenza declaration because housing measures have been lifted. Lack of energy and appetite. 3 October 2022 . These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. It was the second bear reportedly infected with the virus. Saturday, Dec 10, 2022. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the risk of the flu being transmitted from birds to people is low. The disease is transmitted via contact with an infected bird's feces, or secretions from its nose, mouth or eyes. People with flu are most contagious in the first three to four days after their illness begins. The 202223 October Portfolio Budget Statements were released on 25 October 2022. This one H5-positive human case does not change the human health risk assessment. Teach students, parents, and staff the signs and symptoms of flu, emergency warning signs, and groups at higher risk of severe flu. Since opening weekend (of duck season), weve been sending people out to get samples, Naylor said. Bird flu occurs naturally in wild waterfowl and can spread into domestic poultry, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese. This is the first confirmed report of HPAI virus in the Pacific Flyway since 2015. Updated Wild bird surveillance. Nasal discharge, coughing or sneezing. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Additional information on protective actions around birds, including what to do if you find a dead bird, is available. http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/H5N1_cumulative_table_archives/en/. The information on this page should be considered current for the 2022-2023 influenza season for clinical practice regarding the use of influenza antiviral medications. Sept. 20, 2017. ET Most avian flu subtypes are LPAI and cause little or no signs of illness in domestic or wild birds and pose no threat to human health. ### And then hunters get out in the field, and all of sudden we start getting reports that geese are falling from the skies and that geese are showing clinical symptoms of disease.. If you are suspicious your flock has any form of avian influenza you must contact your local animal health office immediately. A second turkey flock in Co Monaghan has been infected with H5N1 avian flu, it has been confirmed. Accessed Sept. 21, 2017. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. WHO works with governments and partners across the Region to promote health, keep the world safe, and serve the vulnerable. Alaskas game and fish department recently euthanized a black bear cub that became ill after having eaten a bird that was infected with highly pathogenic avian flu. Budget October 2022-23. Updated Wild bird surveillance. Updated dead or sick wild birds page. In a few cases, bird flu has passed from one person to another. They coincided with warnings about the possibility of a catastrophic H1N1 type virus breaking out among the human population. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. 3 October 2022 . How to recognize the symptoms of cold and flu, which treatments work best, and advice on staying healthy during cold and flu season. (Lists are provided at the beginning of this document.) Other people involved in the culling operation in Colorado have tested negative for H5 virus infection, but they are being retested out of an abundance of caution. 1 August 2022 . According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the risk of the flu being transmitted from birds to people is low. Influenza infection (flu) CDNA National Guidelines for Public Health Units. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. But unless the virus begins to spread more easily among people, infected birds present the greatest hazard. Human flu outbreaks were largely benign until the coronavirus pandemic. Limited habitat is accelerating disease transmission, Naylor said. Avian Influenza. Sign up to the APHAAlerts Serviceto keep up to date with the latest news. World Health Organization. Clinicians may also wish to consult the IDSA antiviral treatment and antiviral chemoprophylaxis recommendations, and the ATS-IDSA Adult CAP Guidelines. 23 Nov 2022 11:53. Tuesday, October 4, 2022 Today, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID) kicked off the 2022-2023 flu vaccination season during a press conference held in person at the National Press Club for the first time since before the COVID-19 pandemic. The symptoms of flu can include fever or feeling feverish/chills, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, and fatigue (tiredness). Accessed Sept. 20, 2017. Minor text updates to How to control avian influenza. Avian flu is resulting in sick and dead waterfowl from Poinsett County to Drew County, said Luke Naylor, chief of wildlife management for the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. The 19181920 influenza pandemic, commonly known by the misnomer Spanish flu or as the Great Influenza epidemic, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus.The earliest documented case was March 1918 in Kansas, United States, with further cases recorded in France, Germany and the United Kingdom in April. People who have flu often feel some or all of these symptoms: 2022-2023 Flu Season FAQ; Past Flu Seasons plus icon. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Avian flu is resulting in sick and dead waterfowl from Poinsett County to Drew County, said Luke Naylor, chief of wildlife management for the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. November 2013. Bird flu is caused by a type of influenza virus that rarely infects humans. How to Spot Flu Symptoms in Children. Egg-based vaccine manufacturing is used to make both inactivated (killed) vaccine (usually called the flu shot) and live attenuated (weakened virus) vaccine (usually called the nasal spray flu vaccine). Decreased egg production or soft-shelled, misshapen eggs. Health officials worry that a global outbreak could occur if a bird flu virus mutates into a form that transmits more easily from person to person. Minor formatting amendments to licensing page. The 2022 Well Gift Guide. Flu Symptoms & Complications plus icon. Latest information updated to include links to 2 new outbreaks of Avian Influenza in Cheshire and Kent. Infected birds shed H5N1 viruses in their saliva, mucous and feces. Naylor said the commission is preparing a frequently-asked-questions document for the public. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Amended Dead or sick wild birds: what to do. What are the symptoms of flu versus the symptoms of a cold? Added link to latest situation publication. November 2013. In most cases, they resemble those of conventional influenza, including: Some people also experience nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. I urge everyone to get their fall COVID-19 booster and their flu vaccine. CDC twenty four seven. Avian flu has also killed wild foxes and bobcats in Minnesota, Michigan and Ontario. Signs and Symptoms of Avian Influenza A Virus Infections in Humans. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Updated to link to recent reports of cases. Information on avian influenza. If you are suspicious your flock has any form of avian influenza you must contact your local animal health office immediately. As a reminder, people should avoid contact with poultry that appear ill or are dead and avoid contact with surfaces that appear to be contaminated with feces from wild or domestic birds, if possible. More than a dozen types of bird flu have been identified, including the two strains that have most recently infected humans H5N1 and H7N9. Find current information on the 2022-2023 flu season. The reported signs and symptoms of bird flu virus infections in humans have ranged from no symptoms or mild illness [such as eye redness (conjunctivitis) or mild flu-like upper respiratory symptoms], to severe (such as pneumonia requiring hospitalization) and included fever CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. A person has tested positive for avian influenza A(H5) virus (H5 bird flu) in the U.S., as reported by Colorado and confirmed by CDC. Avian flu sheds through the digestive tract. Wild bird surveillance information updated. Highly pathogenic avian influenza is affecting waterfowl, particularly young snow geese, from Poinsett County to Drew County (Arkansas Democrat-Gazette/Bryan Hendricks). However, people who have job-related or recreational exposures to infected birds are at higher risk of infection should take appropriate precautions outlined in CDC guidance. Poultry and egg products. Effective November 1, 2022, individuals six months and older are eligible for the flu vaccine. CDC twenty four seven. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Sick geese really do just fall from the sky, usually early in the morning after being rousted from a field. This is the second human case associated with this specific group of H5 viruses that are currently predominant, and the first case in the United States. https://www.foodsafety.gov/keep/charts/mintemp.html. Even so, it's best to take precautions when handling and preparing poultry, which may be contaminated with salmonella or other harmful bacteria. Special tests can tell if a person is sick with flu. Avian Influenza (bird flu) PDF [74 KB, 2 pages] also available in other languages. More highly pathogenic avian flu outbreaks in poultry have been reported in four states, all involving commercial farms, according to the latest updates from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS).. Theres still a lot we dont know about the disease, but like any kind of flu virus, there are different strains at different times. Diarrhea. Latest situated information updated to reflect the declaration of an Avian influenza Prevention Zone has been declared across the whole of Scotland as of 17:00 on 11 November 2020. The Western Pacific Region is home to almost 1.9 billion people across 37 countries and areas in the Asia Pacific. This includes people 65 years and older, people of any age with certain chronic medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease), pregnant people and children younger than 5 years, but especially those younger than 2 years old. Avian influenza refers to disease in birds caused by infection with avian (bird) influenza (flu) Type A viruses. You can review and change the way we collect information below. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Guideline. Duck, geese and gamebirds poster added as well as link to Avian Influenza Prevention Zone poster. Emergency Warning Signs of Flu Complications, How to know if you have the flu: Flu symptoms, Do your part to stop the spread of flu at child care facilities and schools, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Some people can be infected with flu viruses and have no symptoms but may still be able to spread the virus to their close contacts. Credit. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Typically this form of the disease presents suddenly, often with very high mortality, with affected birds developing swollen heads, a blue colouration of the comb and wattles, dullness, lack of appetite, respiratory distress, diarrhoea and significant drop in egg production. They also may reduce the risk of complications such as ear infections in children, respiratory complications requiring antibiotics, and hospitalization in adults. And in a few cases, a mild eye infection (conjunctivitis) is the only indication of the disease. Mandatory biosecurity requirementsare in force. Most avian flu subtypes are LPAI and cause little or no signs of illness in domestic or wild birds and pose no threat to human health. Failure to do so is an offence. Symptoms of avian flu. Influenza Surveillance Report (FluView), Previous Forecasts for the 2021-2022 Season, Tools to Prepare Your Practice for Flu Season, Information for Clinicians on Influenza Virus Testing, Multiplex Assays Authorized for Simultaneous Detection of Influenza Viruses and SARS-CoV-2, Information on Collection of Respiratory Specimens for Influenza Virus Testing, Information for Clinicians on Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Influenza, Information on Rapid Molecular Assays, RT-PCR, and other Molecular Assays for Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Infection, Algorithm: Interpreting Influenza Testing Results When Influenza is Circulating, Algorithm: Interpreting Influenza Testing Results When Influenza is NOT Circulating, Guide: Influenza Diagnostic Testing in Closed Setting Outbreaks, Guidance: Standard-Based Electronic Laboratory Reporting, Guidance: Antiviral and Obstetric Health Care, Guidance: Outbreak Management in Long-Term Care Facilities, Guidance: Use of Mask to Control Influenza Transmission, Guidance: Prevention & Control in Peri- and Postpartum Settings, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 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